Chapter 1/2- Language/Reading the map Flashcards
Physiology
the study of nature & how it functions
Various structures that makes up the human body.
anatomy
the study of internal & external structures of plants animals & The Human Body
Macroscopic anatomy
Gross anatomy
Represents the study of the structures visible to the unaided or naked eye
Microscopic anatomy
Fine anatomy
The study of structures that can be seen and examined only with magnification aids such as microscope
Hist/o
Tissue
Hydr/o
Water
Nephr/o
Kidney
Phag/o
To swallow
Phleb/o
Ven/o
Vein
Pne/o
Pnea
To breathe
pneumon/o
air or lung
a-
an-
without
acro-
extermities
brady-
slow
dia-
through
dys-
difficult
tachy-
fast
-ostomy
surgically forming an opening
-penia
decrease or lack of
metric system
based on factors of 10
metabolism
refers to all the chemical operations going on within our bodies
anabolism
process by which simpler compounds are built up and used to manufacture materials for growth, reproduction, and repair.
catabolism
the process by which complex substances are broken down into simpler substances
homeostasis
a state of being utilizing physiological processes that maintain a stable internal environment or equilibrium
negative feedback loop
works against the trend. sense internal and external environment and signal the body to make adjustments to maintain homeostasis.
positive feedback loop
allows what is not usually normal- happen
ex: labor-breastfeeding
diagnose
name of a disease
prognosis
prediction of an outcome of a disease
anatomical position
a human standing erect, face forward, with feet parallel and arms hanging at side with palms facing forward
supine
lying on your back
trendelenburg
the feet is higher than the head; head of the bed lower than feet
fowlers position
sitting in the bed at 45-60 degree angle
orthostatic hypotension
becoming dizzy and weak after arising from a seating position
orthopnea
easier to breathe in a upright position than lying flat
transverse/ horizontal plane
divides the body into top & bottom sections
saggital plane
midsaggital
median plane
divides body into right & left halves
frontal/coronal plane
divides body into front & back sections
superior
above
towards the head or upper body
inferior
below
away from the head or towards the lower part of the body
cranial/cephalic(body planes& directions)
toward the head or upper body
caudal
away from the head or toward the lower part of the body
medial
near the middle of midline
lateral
(on the side) body parts located away from midline
anterior/ventral
front of the body
posterior/ dorsal
refers to back of the body
proximal
near
distal
distant
external
outside
internal
inside
superficial
on the surface
deep
away from surface
central
middle
peripheral
outside region
Body cavities
are found in posterior & anterior positions
posterior position (body cavities)
cranial cavity & spinal cavity can be viewed from this position
anterior position (body cavities)
the larger cavity, subdivided into two main cavities
thoracic & abdominalpelvic cavity can be viewed
diaphragm
large dome shaped muscle
divides the thoracic cavity from the abdomino cavity
pericardial
cavity around the heart
plueral cavity
lungs
mediastinum
middle sternum
hernia
a tear in the muscle wall that allows a structure to protrude through it
antebrachial
forearm
antecubital
area in front of the elbow
axillary
armpit
brachial
upper arm
buccal
cheek (inside)
carpal
wrist
cervical
neck
digital
fingers
femoral
inner thigh
gluteal
buttocks
lumbar
lower back
nasal
nose
oral
mouth
orbital
eye area
patellar
knee
pedal
foot
plantar
sole of foot
pubic
genital region
scapular
shoulder blades region
sternal
breast bone area
thoracic
chest
X-ray
high energy radiation that penetrates the body and gives a 2-d view of bones
does not show soft tissue
ct scan
scans using narrow focused X-ray beams that circle around the body
Mri
produces even greater detail of soft tissue structures
ultrasound
uses sound waves to distinguish structures in the body
allow body activity to be viewed in real time
sound picture
