Chapter 1/2: Introduction to Personality Flashcards
dictionary definition of personality
state of being a person
psychological definition of personality
unique and relatively enduring internal and external aspects of a person’s character
APA definition of personality
enduring configuration of characteristics and behaviour that comprises an individual’s unique adjustment to life
traits
personality characteristics that determine a person’s behaviour or by which it can be explainedi
interest
something that is significant to the individual or that arouses an individual’s attention
drive
a ready state of action, motivating a person to complete a goal
value
a moral principal for what is considered good or bad
self-concept
one’s description of oneself
ability
what one is capable of going and emotional patterns are ways in which people react emotionally to events
temperament
level of emotional reactivity and ability to regulate emotions
what causes aggression (humanistic)
something interferes with natural growth process
what causes aggression (behavioural/social)
aggressive behaviour that gets awarded gets repeated
what causes depression (psychoanalytic)
holding unconscious feelings of anger and hostility
what causes depression (cognitive)
brain has too many negative thoughts
trait anxiety
basic levels of anxiety born to us are largely inherited
reliability
consistency of response to a psychological assessment device
validity
extent to which an assessment device measures what it is intended to measure
Dark triad
machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism
What test measures the dark triad?
Dirty Dozen
Advantages of online test administration
- less time-consuming and expensive
- objective scoring
psychoanalytic approach to personality
unconscious mind is responsible for behaviour
trait psychology
individual lies along a continuum of traits
biological approach to personality
inherited predispositions and physiological processes contribute to differences in personality
humanistic psychology
personal responsibility and feelings of self-acceptance cause personality differences
5 points of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self-actualization
esteem
love/belonging
safety
physiological needs
reward deficiency syndrome
those with lower dopamine receptors are more motivated by risk
what causes aggression (psychoanalytic)
unconscious desire to self-destruct
what do individualistic cultures emphasize?
individual needs, independence, and accomplishments
what do collectivistic cultures emphasize?
cooperation and group achievements
How are the reliability and validity of projective tests
low
parsimonious
simplest theory can explain phenomenon best