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Chemistry Honors > Chapter 1-2 Introduction to Chemistry; Matter and Change > Flashcards

Chapter 1-2 Introduction to Chemistry; Matter and Change Flashcards

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0
Q

Study the Safety Rules

A

1 True/False (T/F); 1 Multiple Choice (MC)

Also find in Notability

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1
Q

Review Laboratory Equipment

A

(9 Matching) Review Equipment- on Notability

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2
Q

Hydrogen: Basic Information

1 MC

A

Nonmetal, 1 valence electron, most abundant, flammable, colorless, odorless, light.

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3
Q

Ammonium ion:
(1 MC)
{Just be able to identify it’s label. Ex: Hydrogen= H)

A

NH₄⁺

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4
Q

Proper Bunsen Burner Flame

1 MC

A

Blue Flame

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5
Q

Branches of Chemistry with Application

(2 MC)-over the next 5 cards…

A

over the next 5 cards…

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6
Q

Inorganic

Branches of Chemistry with Application

A

Non-carbon

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7
Q

Organic

Branches of Chemistry with Application

A

Carbon

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8
Q

Analytical

Branches of Chemistry with Application

A

Analyze; How much? What? Measurement

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9
Q

Biochemistry

Branches of Chemistry with Application

A

Protein; DNA; any biological process

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10
Q

Physical

Branches of Chemistry with Application

A

Energy; Mechanism; How did it happen?

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11
Q

Pure (vs.) Applied Chemistry

1 MC

A

Pure–to gain knowledge; no technical goal

Applied–does have a technical goal

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12
Q

Technology

1 T/F

A

Practical application for society.

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13
Q

Scientific Method

(5 Short Answer)- over the next 3 cards…

A

over the next 3 cards…

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14
Q

Independent Variable

Scientific Method

A

Controlled by experimenter; manipulated variable; is what makes the dependent variable change. You change and control.

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15
Q

Dependent Variable

Scientific Method

A

The result of the independent variable; responding variable; depends on the independent variable.

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16
Q

Controls

Scientific Method

A

Variables other than the independent and dependent that must be maintained constant. Don’t change (time, amount, etc.)

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17
Q

Quantitative (vs.) Qualitative

1 T/F

A

Quantitative–How much? How long?; numerical

Qualitative–What are its qualities? What is it made of?; descriptive

18
Q

Theory (vs.) Law

1 T/F

A

Theory–an explanation for an observation; can change over time as new data is collected and analyzed
Law–fact; doesn’t change

19
Q

Extensive (vs.) Intensive Properties (with application)

2 MC

A

Extensive–has to do w/ amount of mass/matter (mass, volume, energy)
Intensive–has to do w/ the nature of something/ identify substance (color, density, texture, boiling pt., melting pt., the amount of mass/matter does not matter)

20
Q

Physical (vs.) Chemical Properties (with application)

2 MC

A

Physical–Can be observed or measured w/out changing the identity of the substance. Ex: texture, appearance, density, melting point, and boiling point
Chemical–relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances. Ex: how it reacts with other substances

21
Q

Comparison of a Solid, Liquid, & Gas w/ Respect to Shape & Volume
(1 MC)

A

Solid–definite shape & volume
Liquid–definite volume; not shape
Gas–no definite shape or volume

22
Q

Physical (vs.) Chemical Changes (with application)

4 MC

A

Physical–doesn’t change identity, just appearance. Ex: change of state
Chemical–transformed into a chemically different substance; change in identity

23
Q

Definitions and Relationships

(2 T/F)-over the next 3 questions…

A

over the next 3 questions…

24
Q

Atom

Definitions and Relationships

A

The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of the element.

25
Q

Element

Definitions and Relationships

A

Pure substance-element that cannot be broken down by physical means-made up of only one kind of atom.

26
Q

Compound

Definitions and Relationships

A

Pure substance made from the of two or more different elements chemically bonded.

27
Q

Classification of Matter (with application)

(2 T/F; 5 MC)-over the next 4 cards…

A

over the next 4 cards…

28
Q

Pure Substances

Classification of Matter

A

Elements or compounds that can NOT be broken down by physical means.

29
Q

Mixtures

Classification of Matter

A

A mix of more than one pure substance and can be separated by physical means.

30
Q

Homogeneous Mixture

Classification of Matter

A

a mixture where the components that make up the mixture are uniformly/equally distributed throughout the mixture.

31
Q

Heterogeneous Mixture

Classification of Matter

A

A mixture where the components of the mixture are not uniform/equally distributed or have localized regions with different properties.

32
Q

Separation of Mixtures by Physical Means (with application)

(2 MC)-over the next 4 cards…

A

over the next 4 cards…

33
Q

Filtration

Separation of Mixtures by Physical Means

A

Process where the mixture is poured through a filter…large particles stay in, the smaller particles go out.

34
Q

Decantation

Separation of Mixtures by Physical Means

A

A process where you a mixture is settled and separated by gravity; the lightweight substance leaves and the heavier stays.

35
Q

Centrifuge

Separation of Mixtures by Physical Means

A

A motorized piece of laboratory equipment which spins liquid samples to separate their components based on density.

36
Q

Chromatography

Separation of Mixtures by Physical Means

A

The technique of separating and analysing the components of a mixture of liquids or gases by selective adsorption.

37
Q 
Periodic Table (with application)
(3 MC)-over the next 4 cards...
A

over the next 4 cards…

38
Q

Group vs. Period

Periodic Table

A

Group-down columns; Period-across rows

39
Q

Metal vs. Nonmetals

Periodic Table

A

Metals are on the left; Nonmetals on the right

40
Q

Metalloids

Periodic Table

A

on stairsteps

41
Q

Noble Gases

Periodic Table

A

Group 18 (Last group on the far right)

42
Q

The Parts of a Chemical Reaction

1 T/F

A

Reactants–>Products

43
Q

Law of Conservation of Mass

1 T/F

A

Mass is not created or destroyed in both chemical and physical changes. Mass of the reactants=Mass of products

Chemistry Honors (2 decks)

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