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Physics > Chapter 1/2 - Forces and motion > Flashcards

Chapter 1/2 - Forces and motion Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Newton’s first law?

A

That a body will remain in its present state of motion unless an external force acts upon it

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2
Q

What is Newton’s second law?

A

That force= mass x acceleration
This can be rearranged to a= f/m
It shows if the force increases so does the acceleration

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3
Q

What is Newton’s third law?

A

That every force has an equal and opposite reaction

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4
Q

What is the equation for speed? What is another one for the final velocity(for velocity/ speed)?

A 
S = d/t
V= u + at
V2= u2 + 2as
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5
Q

What is the Earths gravity?

A

10 (9.81) m/s

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6
Q

What do all the parts in SUVAT mean?

A 
S = distance / displacement
U = initial velocity
V = final velocity
A = acceleration
T = Time
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7
Q

What is the equation for acceleration?

A

A = (v-u)/t

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8
Q

In a distance time graph what does a horizontal line represent? What about a diagonal straight line?

A

In a distance time graph a horizontal line is when the object is stationary. A straight diagonal line is when the object is travelling at a constant speed.

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9
Q

In a distance time graph what does the gradient show?

A

The speed the object is moving

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10
Q

In a velocity time graph what does a horizontal line mean? What about a diagonal line?

A

In a velocity time graph a horizontal line shows the object moving at a constant speed. A diagonal line shows the object is accelerating

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11
Q

Give 3 equations to show the distance traveled

A 
D= s x t
S= ut + 1/2 at2 
S= 1/2(u+v)t
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12
Q

What is acceleration?

A

The rate of change of velocity

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13
Q

What are the 2 types of velocity? Which does gravity effect?

A

Vertical and horizontal velocity, gravity effects the vertical velocity

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14
Q

What is momentum? What is its equation?

A

Mass x velocity, it’s conserved and passed on from one object to another, it is a vector

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15
Q

What is a vector?

A

Something that has both magnitude and direction

Eg 5 miles North, 30m/s East

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16
Q

What is the total momentum equation?

A

Total momentum before collision= total momentum after a collision

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17
Q

What happens to the momentum if the mass doubles?

A

The velocity halves

18
Q

When 2 objects are pushed apart from stationary, 0ms, what is the momentum afterwards if they are both pushed away with the same force?

A

One would be of negative charge and the other positive so the total momentum afterwards would still be the same

19
Q

What is the equation for the increase in momentum?

A 
M x v - m x u
OR m(v-u) m being mass
20
Q

What is the equation for the rate of change in momentum?

A

m(v-u)/t
Where t is time taken for change to happen
The mass has to be involved otherwise it is the equation for acceleration

21
Q

What is work done and energy transfer measured in?

A

Joules

22
Q

What effects work done?

A

The force applied and the distance moved in direction of that force, such as how many books you carry in a bag and how far you travel with that effects how much energy/ force you use

23
Q

What is the equation for work done?

A

Force applied x distance moved in direction of force

24
Q

What is 1 joule of energy/ work done?

A

When 1 newton of force moves through one metre, if you pull a box with a steady force of 25N 3m you have done 75 Joules of work (3x75), this would have been transferred as heat and friction if it was on a rough ground

25
Q

What is weight and it’s equation?

A

A force measured by

The mass of an object x the gravitational field strength (10N per kg on Earth)

26
Q

What would a 4kg mass weight be on Earth?

A

40N

27
Q

How fast is a verhole moving if the force from air resistance/ friction is equal to the forward force from the engine?

A

At a constant velocity

28
Q

What is thinking distance?

A

The distance a vehicle will travel in the time it takes the driver to react, this can be the difference between having an accident and not

29
Q

What is a key part in the thinking distance?

A

The drivers reaction time

30
Q

How will the speed the vehicles travelling at effect the thinking distance? Why?

A

If the vehicle is moving faster the thinking distance will be further, because whilst the driver is reacting the vehicle is still moving at that speed, so if this is faster it will go further during the drivers reaction time

31
Q

Name some things which would increase the reaction time of the driver

A

The radio/ music, chatting, looking away at something, being under the influence of drugs or alcohol, tiredness, being ill

32
Q

What are the legal limits for the amount of alcohol a person can have in their system whilst driving?

A

35 micrograms/ 100ml breath

OR 80 micrograms/ 100ml blood

33
Q

What are the speed limits in the UK? What are these for?

A

30 mph in built up areas - 70 mph on dual carriageways and motorways because the higher the speed during accidents the higher the death rate, especially with children

34
Q

What is a scalar?

A

Something that have just a size

Eg 5m, 4000 calories

35
Q

Is displacement a vector or scalar?

A

Vector, how far something has moved from where it started in a straight line, how far out it is

36
Q

What is distance?

A

A scalar quantity which means how much ground an object has covered in its movement

37
Q

How is speed and velocity different?

A

Speed is a scalar quantity, how fast an object is moving, whereas velocity is a vector quantity and it represents the rate at which an object changes position , m/s and direction

38
Q

What is the equation for average velocity?

A

Displacement / time

39
Q

What is the definition of force?

A

The push or pull upon an object resulting from interacting with another object

40
Q

What is the definition of mass?

A

Scale quantity, the amount of a substance

41
Q

What is the definition of weight?

A

A vector quantity, forces acting on a mass due to gravity

42
Q

What is the definition of momentum?

A

A vector quantity describing a mass in motion

Physics (8 decks)

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