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Ethics And Law > Chapter 1, 2, Appendix A > Flashcards

Chapter 1, 2, Appendix A Flashcards

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0
Q

What are some core values?

A 
Responsible citizenship
Respect for others
Fairness
Integrity
Loyalty
Pursuit of excellence
Promise keeping
Accountability
Honesty
Caring
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1
Q

What are values?

A

Core beliefs concerning what is intrinsically desirable
Help assess the worth of things that are intangible.
Underlie decisions we make.

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2
Q

Three types of values

A

Personal values
Cultural values
Professional values

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3
Q

Personal values

A

Beliefs and attitudes that provide a foundation for behavior and the way an individual experiences life

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4
Q

Cultural values

A

Values specific to a people or culture

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5
Q

Professional values

A

General attributes prized by a professional group

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6
Q

What is a professional?

A

Accepts responsibility for actions
Knows why things are done
Capable of independent thought and judgement

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7
Q

What is professionalism?

A

Awareness of the conduct, aims, and qualities defining a given profession

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8
Q

What does a code of ethics do?

A

Defines a set of aspirational professional guidelines of practice and conduct

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9
Q

What does rules of ethics do?

A

Defines the mandatory and enforceable guidelines of behavior and practice

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10
Q

Who came up with the Hippocratic oath?

A

Hippocrates
460-375 BC
Known as the father of medicine

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11
Q

What is the Hippocratic oath?

A

First, do no harm
Cure sometimes, treat often, comfort always
Whenever a doctor or healthcare worker cannot do good, he must be kept from doing harm.

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12
Q

What are the 3 ethical schools of thought?

A

Deontology
Consequentialism
Virtue ethics

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13
Q

What is deontology?

A

Bases decisions on individual motives and morals rather than consequences.
The good is defined independently of the right

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14
Q

What is consequentialism?

A

Evaluates the good of an activity by assessing whether immediate harm is balanced with future benefit
The right action is the one that produces the most good.

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15
Q

What is virtue ethics?

A

Incorporates elements of consequentialism and deontology to provide a more holistic approach to solving ethical dilemmas

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16
Q

Who came up with deontology?

A

Immanuel Kant

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17
Q

What does deontology base decision making on?

A

Bases decision making on individual motives and morals rather than consequences

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18
Q

Deontology is –——— based

A

Duty based

19
Q

What are the deontology subdivisions?

A 
Prima facie duties
Maximum principle of justice
Natural law ethics
     Principle of double effect
     Principle of totality
20
Q

Who set the tone for modern day health care ethics?

A

British philosopher sir William David Ross in 1930

21
Q

What did sir William David Ross do?

A

He defined prima facie duties as self evident duties and moral obligations.

22
Q

What are the six categories of prima facie duties?

A 
Duties of fidelity
Gratitude
Justice
Beneficence
Self improvement
Nonmaleficence
23
Q

Who came up with the principle of justice?

A

Philosopher John Rawls.

24
Q

What is the maximum principle of justice?

A

Attempt to maximize the situation of those who are minimally advantaged
Make decision with a veil of ignorance, not knowing if it will benefit you or not.

25
Q

Who came up with natural law ethics?

A

13th century Roman Catholic Church saint Thomas aquinas

26
Q

What does natural law ethics based on?

A

Based on human beings’ inherent abilities to use the power of reason when deciding the correct course of conduct

27
Q

What are the two principles of natural law ethics

A

Principle of double effect

Principle of totality

28
Q

What is the principle of double effect

A

A person may perform an act that has OR risks evil effects as long as four certain conditions are met

  1. The action must be good or morally indifferent in itself
  2. The agent must intend only the good effect and not the evil effect
  3. The evil effect cannot be a means to the good effect
  4. Proportionality must exist between good and evil effects
29
Q

What does the principle of totality state?

A

The human beings have the right to dispose of their organs or destroy their capacity to function only if the general overall health of the body demands it.
Thus, according to the principle of totality, suicide is fundamentally and morally wrong.

30
Q

What is consequentialism?

A

Actions should be judged right or wrong on the basis of their consequences.

31
Q

What is the simplest form of consequentialism?

A

Utilitarianism

32
Q

What does utilitarianism assert?

A

That an action is right or wrong according to whether it maximizes the net balance of pleasure over pain in the universe.

33
Q

The thing speaks for itself

A

Res Ipsa loquitur

34
Q

What does intentional tort require?

A

Willful action

35
Q

What are the three elements required for intentional tort?

A

Act was intended to interfere.
Consequences were intended.
Act was major factor in bringing about the consequences.

36
Q

What is the doctrine of personal liability?

A

We are responsible for our own actions.

Liability increases as professional recognition increases.

37
Q

Are expert witnesses required for res Ipsa loquitur?

A

No,although standard of care is generally established through the testimony of a medical expert.

38
Q

What is res ipsa loquitur ?

A

The thing speaks for itself.

Negligence is so obvious that a lay person can recognize that it has occurred.

39
Q

What tort is “let the master respond?”

A

Respondeat superior

40
Q

Who are our masters?

A

The doctor and the hospital

41
Q

What are the seven c’s of malpractice prevention?

A 
Competence
Compliance
Charting
Communication
Confidentiality
Courtesy
Carefulness
42
Q

What is a system for identifying, analyzing, and evaluating risks and selecting the most advantageous method for treating them.

A

Risk management

43
Q

What are the goals of risk management?

A

Elimination of the causes
Lessening of the operational and financial effects
Covering of inevitable losses at the lowest cost

44
Q

Name 6 methods to decrease risk

A 
Documentation
Incident reporting
Correct image identification
Timely distribution of reports
Radiation protection
Safety

Ethics And Law (1 decks)

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