Chapter 1 & 2 - Alliances and Growth in Tension Flashcards
Members in the triple alliance
Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy
Countries in the Triple entente
Great Britain, France and Russia
HMS Dreadnought facts
Carry 800 soldiers
Travel at 22 knots
Armour was between 28-35cm thick
Had a gun range of 32km
Was launched in 1906
German navy laws
Passed in 1898 and 1900
Allowed permission of 16 battleships 1898
In 1900, increased to 46
60 cruisers
Rheinland
German response to the HMS Dreafnought, was just as revolutionary
Naval Race - Dreadnought numbers
Britain - 29
Germany - 17
The British expeditionary force (BEF)
In 1906, BEF was formed by war minister Richard Haldane
144,000 professional soldiers
Describe the Schlieffen Plan
Targeted Germany’s two main land enemies (Fra and Rus)
Go through Belgium to the French border at high speeds using railways
Surround and capture Paris, forcing France to surrender
Turn back to the east to face Russia, who were estimated to take 6 weeks to Mobilise
Was simple, but failed.
When was the schlieffen plan created
December 1905
Plan 17
Was created in 1913, if war broke out France would launch an all-out attack on Alsace-Lorraine to make them part of France again
Then cross the river Rhine and advance to Berlin
When was the first Moroccan crisis?
1905-1906
What happened in the first Moroccan crisis? (France)
France had been trading with Morocco for minerals but they were worried about the weakness of the country, so there was secret agreement in 1900, 1901 and 1904, where it was agreed that it would become a French mandate.
German reaction in the first Moroccan crisis
Germany wanted equal economic rights in Morocco and were upset. They assured Sultan Aziz of their support to resist France. On the 31 march 1905, Kaiser Wilhelm landed in Tanger, and there was a dramatic display of support for the sultan.
When was The Algeciras conference
16th January - 7th April 1906
The Algeciras conference
France refused to risk a war against Germany, so 13 countries attended but A-H was the only Germany supporter. In the end it was agreed that France would control Moroccan affairs, but everyone was free to trade. It was only a temporary way to solve this problem and led directly to the second Moroccan crisis.
When was the second Moroccan crisis?
1911-1912
What happened in the second Moroccan crisis?
There was rebel tribes around the capital , so the sultan appealed to France, who sent soldiers.
Germans thought France was trying to occupy Morocco, so Germany sent the gun boat SMS Panther on the 1st July 1911. This increased tensions because Britain thought it was a threat to the naval base in Gibraltar, which led to the entente naval agreement.
Entente naval agreement
After the second Moroccan crisis, the British Royal Navy would protect northern France and the French fleet would protect British interests in the Mediterranean.
When was the Bosnian crisis?
1908-1909
The Bosnian crisis
Turkish revolution
Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Serbia had no support sent a formal protest.
Russia helped, but neither wanted to risk a war with Germany
Dispute ended.
What countries took advantage of the Turkish Revolution in 1908?
- Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Ruler of Bulgaria crowned himself King and Bulgarian independence
When was the first Balkan War?
October 1912 - May 1913
What happened in the first Balkan War?
Short and Bloody
Turkish troops couldn’t keep up with the armies of the Balkan League
Turkey surrendered and agreed to give up all land in Europe after a conference in London.
When was the second Balkan War?
June 1913 - August 1913
What happened in the second Balkan War?
King Ferdinand of Bulgaria was not happy with how land was divided.
Bulgaria attacked Serbia and Greece.
Romania and Turkey joined in hoping to gain land.
Bulgaria wanted an armistice.
Most land went to Serbia, and some to Turkey.
What were the results / effects of the Balkan Wars?
- Serbia doubled in size
- Bosnia-Herzegovina wanted to join Serbia
- A-H became increasingly worried about a revolt in its empire
- A-H was determined to control Serbia
- Bulgaria wanted revenge on Serbia
Why did Balkan Nationalism grow and cause the formation of the Black Hand Gang
- Serbs in Austria-Hungary wanted to be a part of Serbia
- They were encouraged by the independence of Bulgaria
- Slavs began to develop a sense of nationalism
When was the Black Hand Gang formed?
22 May 1911
How many members did the Black Hand Gang have?
2,500
Why were the Black Hand able to enter A-H easily to plant bombs, and carry out assassinations?
All border Guards were Black Hand Gang members
Why was the Archduke Franz Ferdinand visiting Bosnia
- Rising Tension in the Balkans
- Black Hand Gang activities worried the A-H government
- Visit Army exercises and then to city officials
When was Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assassinated?
28th of June 1914
Why did Franz Ferdinand visit Bosnia on the 28th of June - what was the importance of the day?
Serbian National Day
Wedding Anniversary w/ wife
How did Franz Ferdinand get assassinated?
- 3 failed attempts to murder
- Gavrilo Princip ended up killing with 2 shots (Franz & Sophie)
When did Germany declare war on Russia?
1 August
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
5 August
