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Abeka -Chemistry > Chapter 1-2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1-2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does chemistry study

A

the composition structure and properties of matter and the changes matter undergoes

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2
Q

What is foundational to all the other areas of chemistry

A

Physical Chemistry

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3
Q

A hypothesis must be

A

repeatable and testable

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4
Q

What is the language of science

A

mathematics

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5
Q

What is the difference between precision and accuracy

A

Precision- Consistency and repeatability

Accuracy- Closeness to Actual Value

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6
Q

What numbers are usually certain?

A

Numbers obtained by counting and defined numbers

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7
Q

What errors reduce precision

A

random errors

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8
Q

What errors reduce accuracy

A

systematic errors

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9
Q

What are numbers without uncertainty called

A

exact numbers

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10
Q

There is always some ( blank ) in a measurement

A

uncertainty

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11
Q

What is a collection of compatible related units that can be used to measure various quantities called

A

system of measurement

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12
Q

What is the Modification of the metric system with meticulously defined standards for all units

A

The SI

International System of Units

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13
Q

What does the SI system attach to the base unit’s name its value

A

Prefixes

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14
Q

nano
Give the abbreviation
Meaning
Power of ten

A

n
one billionth
10(-9)

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15
Q

micro

A

Mew ( Greek u with a tale on the left)
one millionth
10(-6)

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16
Q

milli

A

m
one thousandth
10(-3)

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17
Q

centi

A

c
one hundredth
10(-2)

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18
Q

kilo

A

k
one thousand
10(3)

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19
Q

mega

A

M
one million
10(6)

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20
Q

What is the standard SI unit of length

A

Meter

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21
Q

what is a very important measure derived from length

A

volume

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22
Q

What is a common metric unit of volume

A

Liter

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23
Q

What is the quantity of matter in an object

A

Mass

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24
Q

what is the force of gravity upon an object

A

weight

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25
Q

what is the measurement of mass that is defined by the SI

A

Kilogram

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26
Q

What is the density represented by in the Greek alphabet

A

rho ( basically a “p”)

27
Q

How do you find the density of an object

A

p= mass/ volume

28
Q

Temperature is most often measured and what scale

A

Celsius scale

29
Q

How do you convert degrees Celsius to Fahrenheit

A

T_f= 9/5T_c+32

30
Q

how do you convert degrees Fahrenheit to Celsius

A

T_c = 5/9(T_f-32)

31
Q

What is the coldest possible temperature

A

Absolute zero

32
Q

how do you convert degrees Celsius into kelvin

A

T_c = T_k- 273.15

33
Q

what is the basic unit of time in the SI

A

second

34
Q 
Name the SI standard measurement and it’s abbreviation 
Length
Mass
Volume
Time
Temperature 
Absolute Temperature 
Pressure 
Amount of Substance 
Energy
A 
meter m
kilogram kg
liter L
second s
degree Celsius  •C
kelvin K
pascal Pa 
mole mol
joule J
35
Q

Every number can be expressed as a number between one and 10 multiplied by a power of 10

A

True

36
Q

When adding or subtracting numbers that are written in scientific notation the numbers must all be written so they have the same power of 10

A

(9.9 • 10^2) +(6.2 • 10^4)

(.099•10^4) etc….

37
Q

To multiply- in scientific notation

A

add the exponents

38
Q

To divide in scientific notation

A

subtract the exponents

39
Q

What is defined as Anything that occupies space and has mass

A

matter

40
Q

what is the energy of motion of particles

A

kinetic energy

41
Q

What is the indirect measurement of the particles average kinetic energy

A

Temperature

42
Q

What is the point in which kinetic energy helps to break loose particles from the rigid positions

A

Melting point

43
Q

What is a form of matter with unique properties that make it different from everything else

A

substance

44
Q

What are the smallest particles

A

Atoms

45
Q

What are composed of only a single type of atom

A

Elements

46
Q

what are groups of two or more atoms that are linked together by chemical bonds to form distinct units

A

Molecules

47
Q

What are the abbreviations for the elements called

A

Atomic symbols

48
Q

what are the elements that are always with two atoms

A

Diatomic elements

49
Q

What is the most abundant element

A

Hydrogen

50
Q

what has properties quite different from those of the elements from which it is formed

A

compound

51
Q

what has a definite composition, that is, the relative amounts of each element in a given compound are unchangeable no matter where the compound may be found

A

Pure substance

52
Q

pure substance are also (blank) that is, they are composed of the same kind of matter throughout a sample

A

homogenous

53
Q

What is combined physically but not chemically

A

Mixture

54
Q

what consists of pure substances that are incompletely mixed

A

Heterogeneous mixture

55
Q

in a heterogeneous mixture there are distinct ( blank)

A

phases

56
Q

What does atom mean. In Greek

A

Indivisible or uncut

57
Q

Who proposed an atom theory and what was it called

A

Dalton’s atomic theory

58
Q

What are two scientific laws that come from Dalton’s theory

A

The law of definite composition which states the ratios of the masses of each element and a given compound are always the same

The law of multiple proportions

59
Q

what are used to describe a substance’s Physical appearance

A

Physical properties

60
Q

homogenous mixtures can also be called what

A

Solutions

61
Q

What can be used when separating homogenous mixture’s components when the components have widely different boiling points

A

distillation

62
Q

What are the two types of distillation

A

Simple and fractional

63
Q

what basically forms crystals by heating up a mixture

A

Fractional crystallization

64
Q

Complex mixtures can be separated by the technique of blank. What is one of the most simple forms of this technique

A

Chromatography

Paper

Abeka -Chemistry (3 decks)

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