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Special Education > Chapter 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

13 categories of IDEIA

A 
Autism
Developmental delay
Emotional disturbance
Hearing impairments including deafness
Intellectual disability 
Orthopedic impairments
Other health impairments
Specific learning disabilities
Speech or language impairments
Visual impairments including blindness
Deaf blindness
Multiple disabilities 
Traumatic brain injuries
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2
Q

IEP

A

Individualized Education Program

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3
Q

FAPE

A

Free Appropriate Public Education

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4
Q

ADAA

A

Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments

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5
Q

EHCA

A

Education for all Handicapped Children Act

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6
Q

PDP

A

Procedural Due Process

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7
Q

IDEA

A

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

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8
Q

LRE

A

Least Restrictive Environment

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9
Q

RTI

A

Response To Intervention

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10
Q

IFSP

A

Individual Family Service Plan

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11
Q

MDT

A

Multi Disciplinary Team

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12
Q

NCLB

A

No Child Left Behind

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13
Q

ADA

A

Americans with Disabilities Act

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14
Q

IDEA SERVICES

A 
Audiology
Medical services
Occupation therapy
Orientation and mobility
Recreational therapy
Rehabilitation counseling
Speech and Language
Transportation
Interpreting services
Nutrition
Parent counseling
Physical therapy
Psychology
School nurse services
Social work
Vocational education
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15
Q

Disability

A

A limitation on an individual by a loss or reduction of functioning i.e. Paralysis of leg muscles, absence of an arm, or loss of sight. it can also refers to problems in learning.

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16
Q

Handicap

A

Impact or consequence of a disability, not the condition itself. Problems or difficulties that a person with a disability encounters as he or she attempts to function and interact with the environment. It can also reflect attitudinal limitations imposed on the person with the disability by people without disability.

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17
Q

Developmental delayed

A

Condition of a child being less developed mentally or physically than is normal for its age.

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18
Q

At risk

A

Infant or child who has a high probability of exhibiting delays in development or developing a disability.

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19
Q

Special education

A

Customized instructional program designed to meet the unique needs of an individual learner.

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20
Q

Who does special education affect.

A

Citizens with disabilities.

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21
Q

What is Incidence?

A

A rate of inception; number of new cases appearing in the population within a specific time period. The number of the new instances of a disability occurring within a given time frame.

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22
Q

What is prevalence?

A

The total number of individuals in a given category during a particular period of time. Is expressed as a percentage of the population exhibiting this specific exceptionality the percentage of pupils with learning disabilities enrolled in special education programs during the current school year.

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23
Q

How did Brown v. Board of Education affect special education law?

A

Desegregated schools, Brown had major implications for children with disabilities much of contemporary litigation and legislation affecting special education is legally, as well as morally grounded in the precedents established by Brown. The movement secured equal educational opportunity for children with disabilities was also aided by the U.S civil rights movement of the 1960s. issues with discrimination, inequality, and other social ills, advocates for individuals with disabilities also pushed for equal rights.

24
Q

What are related services?

A

Are services provided to a student to meet the unique requirements of each learner.

25
Q

Dorthea Dix?

A

One of the first Americans to champion better and more humane treatment of individuals who are mentally ill. Instigated the establishment of several institutions for individuals with mental disorders.

26
Q

Philippe Pinel?

A

French physician who was concerned with the humanitarian treatment of individuals with mental illness. Advocated releasing institutionalized patients from their chains. Pioneered the field of occupational therapy. Served as Itard’s mentor.

27
Q

Alfred Binet?

A

A French psychologist who constructed the first standardized developmental assessment scale capable of quantifying intelligence. The original purpose of this test was to identify students who might profit from a special education and not to classify individuals on the basis of ability. Binet also originated the concept of mental age with his student Theodore Simon.

28
Q

Maria Montessori?

A

Achieved worldwide recognition for her pioneering work with young children and youngsters with intellectual disability. First female to earn a medical degree in italu. Expert in early childhood education. Demonstrated that children are capable of learning at a very early age when surrounded with manipulative materials in a rich and stimulating environment. Believed that children learn best by direct sensory experience.

29
Q

Jean Marc-Gaspard Itard?

A

A French doctor who secured lasting fame because of his systematic efforts to educate an adolescent thought th have a severe intellectual disability. Recognized the importance of sensory stimulation.

30
Q

What are related services?

A

Are services defined by federal law who’s purpose to assist a student with exceptionalities in deriving benefit from a special education.

31
Q

Can you name some related service professionals?

A

Speech-language pathologist, social workers, and occupational therapist.

32
Q

What does IEP stand for and what is it?

A

Individualized Education Program- a written detailed plan developed by a team for each pupil ages 3-21 who receives a special education; management tool. This involves parents, teachers, and professionals.

33
Q

What is the difference between a multidisciplinary, Interdisciplinary and trans disciplinary team?

A

Multidisciplinary team- a group of professionals from different disciplines who function as a team but perform their roles independent of one another.
Interdisciplinary team- a group of professionals from different disciplines who function as a team but work independently; recommendations. However, are the result of sharing information and joint planning.
Trans-disciplinary team- a group of professionals from different disciplines who function as a team but work independently; however, they share roles, and a peer is identified as the primary interventionist.

34
Q

Name a cooperative teaching model and explain how it is used.

A

Cooperative teaching model is an instructional approach in which a special education teacher and general educator teach together in a general education classroom to a heterogeneous group of students. Co-teaching

35
Q

What is universal design for learning?

A

The design of curriculum materials instructional activities and evaluation procedures that can meet the needs of learners with widely varying abilities and backgrounds.

36
Q

Name some possible assessment accommodations.

A
  • Visual- large print, magnification devices, sign language, visual cues
  • Tactile-braille- Nemeth code, tactile graphics
  • Visual and auditory- screen reader, video recording, descriptive video, talking materials.
37
Q

What is zero rejection?

A

That no child can be denied an education because they are “uneducable”.

38
Q

What is Section 504 of PL 93-112?

Who does it protect?

A

People with disabilities.

39
Q

What is a section 504 plan?

A

Rehabilitation act of 1973, no individual can be excluded, solely because of his/her disability from participating in or benefiting from any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance, which includes schools (council for exception children 1997)
Section 504- specifically aimed at protecting children and adults against discrimination die to a disability.

40
Q

NCLB focuses on who and what?

A

No Child Left Behind requires all pupils, including those in special education be expected to demonstrate proficiency in reading and math, with science eventually being included. Its intended for all students not just those with disabilities.

41
Q

IEP v. IFSP?

A

IEP- Individualized Education Program: a written detailed plan developed by a team for each pupil ages 3-21 who receives a special education; management tool.
IFSP- Individualized Family Service Plan: a written plan developed by a team that coordinates services for infants and toddlers and their families.

42
Q

Explain the concept of the LRE.

A

Least Restrictive Environment- a relative concept individually determined for each student; principle that each pupil should be educated, to the maximum extent appropriate, with classmates who are typical.

43
Q

Explain the concept of full inclusion.

A

Full Inclusion- interpretation of the principle of least restrictive environment advocating that all pupils with disabilities be educated in the general education classroom. It represents the latest trend in meeting the requirement if providing an education in the least restrictive environment.

44
Q

What is a prereferral intervention?

A

Instructional or behavioral strategies introduced by a general educator to assist students experiencing difficulty; designed to minimized inappropriate referrals for special education. They call for collaboration between general educators and other professionals for the express purpose of developing creative, alternative instructional and/or management strategies designed to accommodate the particular needs of the learner. This process results in shared responsibility and joint decision making among general and special educators, related service providers, administrators, and other school personnel, all wh9om possess specific expertise; the pupils parents typically do not participate in this early phase.

45
Q

Can you describe the referral process?

A

A formal request by a teacher or parent that a student be evaluated for special education services.

46
Q

The traditional service delivery options include what? (This is also called the cascade of service delivery options)

A

That no one educational setting is appropriate for meeting the needs of all children with disabilities. Effective delivery of a special education requires an array or continuum of placement possibilities customized to the individual requirements of each pupil. The concept of a continuum of educational services has been part of the fabric of American special education for over four decades.

47
Q

Section 504 v. IDEA

A

Section 504- specifically aimed at protecting children and adults against discrimination die to a disability.
IDEA- Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act 2004: increase the focus of special education from simply ensuring access to education to improving the educational performance of students with disabilities and aligning special education services with the larger nation school improvement efforts that include standards, assessments, and accountability.

48
Q

What are “major life activities” covered by Section 504?

A

Walking, seeing, hearing, working, and learning.

49
Q

What is Due Process?

A

IEP due process is protected under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, (IDEA), and provides parents with the right to resolve disputes with your school district. There are two ways to resolve disputes, mediation and through a due process hearing.

50
Q

What law is considered the “bill of rights” for children with exceptionalities?

A

IDEA- culmination of many years if dedicated effort by both parents and professionals.

51
Q

ADAA covers what?

A

Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments- this legislation revises the definition of a disability in favor of a broader interpretation, thereby extending protections to a greater numbers of individuals. In fact, this law expressly overturns two Supreme Court decisions that had previously limited the meaning of the term disability. Additionally, ADAA expands the definition of “major life activities” by including two non-inclusive lists, the first of which includes activities not expressly stimulated, such as reading, concentrating and thinking. The second list includes major bodily functions. The act also states that the interpretation of “substantial limitation” must be made without regard to the ameliorative effects of mitigating measures like medication or medical equipment.

52
Q

What is child find?

A

A function of each state, mandated by federal law, to locate and refer individuals who might require special education.

53
Q

What are the seven major components of IDEA and PL 94-142?

A
  • Zero Reject.
  • Nondiscriminatory Identification and Evaluation
  • Free, Appropriate Public Education (FAPE).
  • Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
  • Due Process Safeguards.
  • Parent and Student Participation and Shared Decision Making.
54
Q

What is FAPE?

A

Free Appropriate Public Education- all children, regardless of the severity of their disability, must be provided with an education appropriate to their unique needs at no cost to the parent(s)/ guardian(s). included in this principle is the concept of related services, which requires that children receive, for example, occupational therapy as well as other services as necessary in order to benefit from special education.

55
Q

What are the four components of a behavioral objective?

A
  • Learner(s)
  • Behavior
  • Conditions
  • Criterion

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