Chapter 1&2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Accommodation

A

Changing existing schemes to incorporate new information

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2
Q

Assimilation

A

Incorporating information into already existing schemes

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3
Q

Balanced comprehensive approach (BCA)

A

This perspective on literacy instruction emerged as a result of the whole language versus phonics discussion

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4
Q

Behaviorist learning perspective

A

A learning theory in which adult provide a model and children learn through imitation encouraged by positive reinforcement

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5
Q

constructivist perspective

A

views learning as an active process by which children construct knowledge by problem solving, guessing, and approximating

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6
Q

Emergent literacy

A

refers to a child’s early unconventional attempts at reading, writing, and listening

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7
Q

Explicit instruction

A

A teacher-directed strategy with emphasis on teaching a task and the specific steps needed to master it

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8
Q

Integrated language arts

A

An approach to literacy instruction that links reading, writing, listening, and language skills

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9
Q

Policy

A

Varied by state and had little to no accountability

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10
Q

Reading readiness

A

Various skills considered prerequisite in learning to read, such as auditory discrimination, visual discrimination, and motor skills

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11
Q

Research

A

The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions

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12
Q

Scaffolding

A

A strategy in which tracing provide children with modeling and support to help then require a skill

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13
Q

Schematic

A

A mental structure in which a person stores information he or she knows

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14
Q

Theory

A

A system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles

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15
Q

Whole-language instruction

A

Similar to emergent literacy but considers children who are not reading conventionally

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16
Q

Anecdotal observation forms

A

Prepared form or teacher-made forms used for observing and recording children’s behavior

17
Q

Authentic assessment

A

Assessment based on activities that represent and reflect the actual learning and instruction in the classroom

18
Q

High-stakes assessment

A

Standardized measures whose scores might determine major decisions about school districts, such as ratings of districts and promotion or retention decisions

19
Q

Informal reading inventories

A

Informal tests to determine a child’s independent, instructional, and frustration level of reading

20
Q

Portfolio assessment

A

Measuring students progress looking at samples of past work

21
Q

Running records

A

Close observation or recording oral reading

22
Q

Standards

A

Achievements that are defined at the state or national level that should be hit by the end of each grade

23
Q

Standardized tests

A

Prepared by publishers and are norm referenced; they are administered to large numbers of students

24
Q

Child-centered curriculum (progressive education)

A

An approach to education focusing on the need of the students, rather then those of other involved in the educational process