Chapter 1&2 Flashcards
Accommodation
Changing existing schemes to incorporate new information
Assimilation
Incorporating information into already existing schemes
Balanced comprehensive approach (BCA)
This perspective on literacy instruction emerged as a result of the whole language versus phonics discussion
Behaviorist learning perspective
A learning theory in which adult provide a model and children learn through imitation encouraged by positive reinforcement
constructivist perspective
views learning as an active process by which children construct knowledge by problem solving, guessing, and approximating
Emergent literacy
refers to a child’s early unconventional attempts at reading, writing, and listening
Explicit instruction
A teacher-directed strategy with emphasis on teaching a task and the specific steps needed to master it
Integrated language arts
An approach to literacy instruction that links reading, writing, listening, and language skills
Policy
Varied by state and had little to no accountability
Reading readiness
Various skills considered prerequisite in learning to read, such as auditory discrimination, visual discrimination, and motor skills
Research
The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions
Scaffolding
A strategy in which tracing provide children with modeling and support to help then require a skill
Schematic
A mental structure in which a person stores information he or she knows
Theory
A system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles
Whole-language instruction
Similar to emergent literacy but considers children who are not reading conventionally
Anecdotal observation forms
Prepared form or teacher-made forms used for observing and recording children’s behavior
Authentic assessment
Assessment based on activities that represent and reflect the actual learning and instruction in the classroom
High-stakes assessment
Standardized measures whose scores might determine major decisions about school districts, such as ratings of districts and promotion or retention decisions
Informal reading inventories
Informal tests to determine a child’s independent, instructional, and frustration level of reading
Portfolio assessment
Measuring students progress looking at samples of past work
Running records
Close observation or recording oral reading
Standards
Achievements that are defined at the state or national level that should be hit by the end of each grade
Standardized tests
Prepared by publishers and are norm referenced; they are administered to large numbers of students
Child-centered curriculum (progressive education)
An approach to education focusing on the need of the students, rather then those of other involved in the educational process
