Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards
Robert Boyle
First real chemist; contributed info about elements
Antoine Lavoisier
suggested matter is neither created nor destroyed
law of conservation of mass
Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
Joseph Proust
a given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass.
law of definite proportion
a given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass.
John Dalton
law of multiple proportions, atomic theory
law of multiple proportions
when two elements form a series of compounds, the ratio of the masses of the second element that combine with the 1 g of the first element can always be reduced to small whole numbers.
atomic theory
- each element is made up of atoms
- The atoms of a given element are identical; atoms of different atoms are different in fundamental ways
- Chemical compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine with each other. A given compound always has the same relative number and types of atoms.
- Chemical reactions involve reorganization of the atoms- changes in the way they are bound together. The atoms themselves are not changed in the reaction.
Amadeo Avagadro
Avagadro’s hypothesis
Avagadro’s hypothesis
at the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of different gases contain the same number of particles.
J. J. Thompson
used the cathode tube ray to discover electrons, plum pudding model
Robert Millikan
calculated the mass of an electron
Ernest Rutherford
shot alpha particles at a sheet of foil. experiment proved the plum pudding model to be wrong. discovered nucleus.
covalent bonds
bonds that share electrons. forms between nonmetals.
ionic bond
results between ions, a nonmetal and a metal, through the force of attraction between between oppositely charged atoms.
