Chapter 1, 2, 4, 7 Flashcards
Is the actuation and exceptions of knowledge as a result of its survival overtime. “The way it has always been”
Tenacity
The division of philosophy that investigates the nature and origin of knowledge
Epistemology
Is the acquisition and acceptance of knowledge because it “feels right” or because it was provided by some extrasensory source
Intuition
Is the acquisition and acceptance of knowledge as a result of its presentation by a respected source
Authority
Is the development of knowledge through the application of the rules of logic
Rationalism
Logic begins with one or more general rules (assumed to be accurate) that are applied to a specific case in order to develop a conclusion
Deductive
Logic begins with the collection of several specific cases from which are developed some general rule
Inductive
Logic begins with a specific case and then applies it to another specific case based on the similarities between the two
Analogical
Attempts to establish a cause-effect link between events
Casual logic
The development of knowledge through the observation of real events using the human senses
Empiricism
The development of knowledge through a combination of rationalism and empiricism
Science
Is a more recent school of inquiry, with its roots in the disciplines of sociology, anthropology, and philosophy
Phenomenology
Does the consistently work in the world around us
Validity
Influencing a theories value is the ability to test its validity through observation
Testability
A theories value is its ability to make predictions about the world around us. While not all theories are designed to be predictive, a theory’s ultimate value is enhanced if the generative force regularly yields predictable effect
Predictability
Problem development, methodological design, data collection, analyst of the data, integration of the findings. PD, MD, DC, AD, IF.
A model of the scientific method
Research question is one that leaves the direction or form of a relationship between concepts open, simply inquiring into whether any relationship exists between-among them.
Open-ended research question
Research questions specify the form or direction of the relationship between concepts, permitting the exploration of a particular variety of relationship.
Closed-ended research question
Often abbreviated in research journals as H, is a deductive statement suggestion a predicted relationship between two or more communication concepts
Hypothesis
Often abbreviated as RQ
Research question
Is a declarative statement that suggest a relationship between-among two or more concepts, but does not specify the form or direction of that relationship
Two-tailed hypothesis
This alternative to the two-tailed hypothesis provides more specificity, as it is a declarative statement suggesting a particular form or direction to the relationship between-among two or more communication concepts
One-tailed hypothesis
These are the terms that represent the things, or concepts, in which the researcher has an interest.
Construct
Once we have identified the constructs in the research problem our primary task becomes that of clearly defining those constructs by relating them to other constructs, or terms, a process known as
Conceptual definition
As the conceptual definition evolves into increasingly primitive, agreed-on, terms, the process begins to blend with the process of creating a
Operational definition
At the point where we begin to operationally define the constructs, those constructs begin to become
Variables
Is the variable that is expected to influence a change in another variable
Independent variable
Is expected to change as a result of the actions of the independent variable
Dependent variable
This variety of linkage suggest that, as one construct varies, the other will change in a consistent manner. For example, if construct X increases in value, the construct Y will either increase in value or decrease in value at the same time.
Linear relationship
Suggest any relationship that is less direct then the linear form. It suggests that, as one construct varies the other also does, but in a less consistent manner.
Curvilinear relationship ( U relationship )
Suggest that, as one construct changes in value, either positively or negatively, the other construct will initially increase in value to some point where it will plateau, and then begin to decrease.
Inverted-U-relationship