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Gen Chem Lecture > chapter 1-2 > Flashcards

chapter 1-2 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is two or more Atoms joined in a specific geometrical arrangement?

A

Molecules are two or more Atoms joined in a specific arrangment

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1
Q

what is an Atom?

A

Atoms are submicroscopic particles that constitute the fundamental building blocks of matter. Spherical in shape.

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2
Q

What is a tentative interpretation or explanation of observations?

A

Hypothesis is a tentative interpretation or explanation of observations.

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3
Q

What is a highly controlled procedure designed to generate scientific observants?

A

Experiments are highly controlled procedures.

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4
Q

What is a brief statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future observations?

A

Scientific law is a brief statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future observations.

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5
Q

Lavoisier’s observation that “In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed”

A

The Law of conservation of Mass was Lavoisier’s observation

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6
Q

What is a model for the way nature is, which tries to explain not only what nature does, but why it does it?

A

Scientific Theory is a model for the way nature is…

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7
Q

What is an approach to knowledge that begins and ends with observations?

A

The scientific method is an approach to knowledge that begins and ends with observation.

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8
Q

What is anything that has mass and occupies space?

A

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space

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9
Q

What is a form of matter in which the atoms or molecules are packed closely together in fixed locations?

A

A solid is a form of matter in which atoms or molecules are packed closely together.

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10
Q

What types of solids can there be?

A

Crystalline: atoms or molecules that are arranged in patterns with long range repeating order. i.e. diamonds and salt crystals

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11
Q

What other types of molecular patterns can there be?

A

Amorphous which is when matter does not have long range order. i.e. was and butter

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12
Q

What is a form of matter in which atoms or molecules are packed almost as closely as solids, but the particles are free to move relative to one another?

A

Liquids are a form of matter where atoms or molecules are packed almost as closely as solids.

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13
Q

What is a form of matter in which there is a lot of space between the atoms or molecules, and freedom of movement?

A

Gaseous matter

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14
Q

What is only made up of one type of atom or molecule?

A

A Pure Substance is only one type of atom or molecule

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15
Q

What is the name of something made up of two or more substances mixed together?

A

A mixture is something made up of two or more substances

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16
Q

What is the simplest building block of matter? These can not be chemically broken down in simpler substances.

A

Elements are the simplest building blocks of matter

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17
Q

What are chemical combinations of two or more elements?

A

Compounds are chemical combinations of two or more elements. Ex. Methane has Carbon and Oxygen

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18
Q

What is a mixture that has a composition different from place to place in the sample?

A

Heterogenous mixtures have different compositions. Ex. Wet sand, or Pizza… all of the same toppings but more could be placed in different areas of the pizza.

19
Q

What are mixtures that have the same composition throughout the sample?

A

Homogenous mixtures have the same composition. Ex. Sweet Tea

20
Q

What type of seperation can be performed by physical means?

A

Decanting is a process by which one can carefully pour off one layer while leaving the other layer behind. i.e. sand with water on top and pouring water off leaving the sand.

21
Q

What is another way to separate substances?

A

Distillation is a way to separate more volatile (easily vaporized) substances by boiling away one substance

22
Q

What is a way to separate substances?

A

Filtration is another way to separate a solid and liquid by pouring through a filter to trap the solid.

23
Q

What is a change in a process in which matter changes its appearance, but not its composition? i.e. phase changes or cutting or crushing a sample of matter

A

Physical changes is a process where matter changes its appearance but not its composition. ex. Ice to water to gas is a change of appearance but not of the compostion

24
Q

What is a change in a process in which matter does change its composition? ex. burning or rusting creates a new compound or compounds

A

Chemical changes do change the composition of matter.

25
Q

What type properties of a substance observed without the substance undergoing a change in composition? ex. dissolution of sugar

A

Physical properties of a substance observed without the substance undergoing a change in composition. i.e. color, smell, melting or boiling point, and density

26
Q

What type of properties are observed when a substance undergoes a change in composition (formula)?

A

Chemical properties are observed when a substance undergoes a change in composition. ex. Ca is water reactive and Propane is flammable or combustible with oxygen.

27
Q

What is the capacity to do work?

A

Energy is the capacity to do work

28
Q

What is the action of a force through distance?

A

Work is the action of a force through a distance

29
Q

What is the energy associated with motion?

A

Kinetic Energy is the energy associated with motion

30
Q

What is the energy associated with position or (composition of a chemical compound) ?

A

Potential Energy is the energy associated with position. i.e. a bowling ball held in my hands has potential energy before I drop it.

31
Q

What is the energy associated with the temp of an object? It is a form of kinetic energy, because it arises from the motion of atoms or molecules?

A

Thermal energy is associated with the temp of an object.

32
Q

What law states: Energy can neither be created nor destroyed?

A

The Law of conservation of Energy

33
Q

What is a part of a measurement that expresses the thing that is being measured? ex. meter, feet, inches, etc.

A

Units are the part of a measurement expressing the thing that is being measured.

34
Q

What is the system of measurements used in U.S.?

A

English system

35
Q

What is the system of measurements used in the rest of the world?

A

Metric System

36
Q

What is the system of units called based on the metric system used for scientific measurements?

A

International system of units or (SI) is the system of units for scientific measurements. ex. kilogram is used for mass, and second is used for time, and meter is used for length

37
Q

What is the quantity of matter within an object? It is distinct from weight, since gravitational forces pull on the object for weight measure.

A

Mass is the quantity of matter within an object.

38
Q

What is a measure of the amount of kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules that compose the sample whose temp is being measured?

A

Temperature is the measure of the amount of kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules that compose the samples. The Kelvin (K) is the SI unit of temp

39
Q

What are the multipliers which change the value of a unit by powers of 10?

A

Prefix multipliers change the value of a unit. ex. centi is 1/100 of a meter or think of it like a penny to a dollar. The kilometer is 1000 meters

40
Q

What is a unit formed from other units? ex. Volume

A

Derived units are formed from other units.

41
Q

What is a measure of space?

A

Volume is a measure of space. Any unit of length when cubed becomes a unit of volume. ex. 10mm x 10mm x 10mm is cubed

42
Q

What is the ratio of a substance’s mass to its volume?

A

Density is the ration of a subtance’s mass to its volume.

43
Q

What type of properties are independent of the amount of substance?

A

Intensive properties are independent of the amount of substance. ex. Density and temp

44
Q

What property type depends on the amount of substance in a sample?

A

Extensive properties depend on the amount of substance in a sample. ex. Mass, Pressure, Volume

Gen Chem Lecture (1 decks)

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