chapter 1-2 Flashcards
What is two or more Atoms joined in a specific geometrical arrangement?
Molecules are two or more Atoms joined in a specific arrangment
what is an Atom?
Atoms are submicroscopic particles that constitute the fundamental building blocks of matter. Spherical in shape.
What is a tentative interpretation or explanation of observations?
Hypothesis is a tentative interpretation or explanation of observations.
What is a highly controlled procedure designed to generate scientific observants?
Experiments are highly controlled procedures.
What is a brief statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future observations?
Scientific law is a brief statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future observations.
Lavoisier’s observation that “In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed”
The Law of conservation of Mass was Lavoisier’s observation
What is a model for the way nature is, which tries to explain not only what nature does, but why it does it?
Scientific Theory is a model for the way nature is…
What is an approach to knowledge that begins and ends with observations?
The scientific method is an approach to knowledge that begins and ends with observation.
What is anything that has mass and occupies space?
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space
What is a form of matter in which the atoms or molecules are packed closely together in fixed locations?
A solid is a form of matter in which atoms or molecules are packed closely together.
What types of solids can there be?
Crystalline: atoms or molecules that are arranged in patterns with long range repeating order. i.e. diamonds and salt crystals
What other types of molecular patterns can there be?
Amorphous which is when matter does not have long range order. i.e. was and butter
What is a form of matter in which atoms or molecules are packed almost as closely as solids, but the particles are free to move relative to one another?
Liquids are a form of matter where atoms or molecules are packed almost as closely as solids.
What is a form of matter in which there is a lot of space between the atoms or molecules, and freedom of movement?
Gaseous matter
What is only made up of one type of atom or molecule?
A Pure Substance is only one type of atom or molecule
What is the name of something made up of two or more substances mixed together?
A mixture is something made up of two or more substances
What is the simplest building block of matter? These can not be chemically broken down in simpler substances.
Elements are the simplest building blocks of matter
What are chemical combinations of two or more elements?
Compounds are chemical combinations of two or more elements. Ex. Methane has Carbon and Oxygen
What is a mixture that has a composition different from place to place in the sample?
Heterogenous mixtures have different compositions. Ex. Wet sand, or Pizza… all of the same toppings but more could be placed in different areas of the pizza.
What are mixtures that have the same composition throughout the sample?
Homogenous mixtures have the same composition. Ex. Sweet Tea
What type of seperation can be performed by physical means?
Decanting is a process by which one can carefully pour off one layer while leaving the other layer behind. i.e. sand with water on top and pouring water off leaving the sand.
What is another way to separate substances?
Distillation is a way to separate more volatile (easily vaporized) substances by boiling away one substance
What is a way to separate substances?
Filtration is another way to separate a solid and liquid by pouring through a filter to trap the solid.
What is a change in a process in which matter changes its appearance, but not its composition? i.e. phase changes or cutting or crushing a sample of matter
Physical changes is a process where matter changes its appearance but not its composition. ex. Ice to water to gas is a change of appearance but not of the compostion
