Chapter 1, 2, 3 Flashcards
Physical Science
Study of matter and energy
Scientific method
A series of steps that scientists take to answer questions and solve problems.
Observation
Any use of the senses to gather information
Data
Pieces of info gathered through experimentation
Theory
A unifying explanation for a broad range of hypotheses and observation supported by testing
Law
A summary of many experimental results and observations, a law tells you how things work
Volume
The amount of space that something occupies or the amount of space that something contains
Mass
The amount of matter that something is made of, it’s value does not change with the objects location in the universe
Temperature
A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object
Density
The amount of matter in a given space, mass per unit volume
Meniscus
The curve at a liquids surface by which you measure the volume of the liquid
Gravity
A force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses
Weight
A measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object, usually by the earth
Newton
The SI unit of force
Inertia
The tendency of all objects to resist any change in motion
Physical property
A property of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter.
Chemical property
Describes a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance with different properties.
Physical change
Affects one or more physical properties of a substance, most physical changes are easy to undo
Chemical change
Occurs when one or more substances are changed into entirely new substances with different properties, cannot be reversed using physical means
States of matter
The physical forms in which a substance can exist
Solid
The state in which matter has a definite shape and volume
Liquid
The state in which matter takes the shape of its container but has a definite volume
Gas
The state in which matter changes in both shape and volume
Pressure
The amount of force exerted on a given area, the SI unit for pressure is the pascal
Plasma
The state of matter that does not have a definite shape or volume and whose particles have broken apart, plasma is composed of electrons and positively charged ions.
Change of state
The conversion of a substance from one physical form to another
Melting
The change of state from a solid to a liquid
Endothermic
The term used to describe a change in which energy is absorbed, the change can be a physical or chemical change
Freezing
The change of state from a liquid to a solid
Exothermic
The term used to describe a change in which energy is released or removed, the change can be physical or chemical
Vaporization
The change of state from a liquid to a gas, includes boiling and evaporation
Boiling
Vaporization that occurs throughout a liquid
Evaporation
Vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid below its boiling point
Condensation
The change of state from a gas to a liquid
Sublimation
The change of state from a solid directly into a gas
Particles are close together in a…..
Liquid and solid
Particles are held tightly in place in a…..
Solid
Particles break away completely from one another in a….
Gas
Gas changes______ to fill a container.
Volume
Gases and liquids change _______ to fill a container.
Shape
_______ can be used in hydraulic systems.
Liquids
Gases obey ______ law.
Boyles
Particles vibrate in place in a….
Solid
_______ has surface tension.
Liquids
Particles have orderly arrangement in this type of solid.
Crystalline
_______ said that as a volume of a gas increases, it’s pressure decreases.
Boyle
Because of surface tension,liquids form spherical _______.
Drops
Has no definite shape or volume, conducts electric current.
Plasma
If a substance pours very slowly, it has high
Viscosity
Iron ______ is also known as fools gold.
Pyrite
The SI unit for measuring mass is a
Kilogram
A _________ property is always the same, whether the sample observed is large or small.
Characteristic
