Chapter 1,2,3 Flashcards
The apex of the heart is formed by the _____.
a. tip of the left ventricle
b. tip of the right atrium
c. right atrium and right ventricle
d. left atrium and left ventricle
tip of the left ventricle
The left atrium receives blood from the _____.
a. pulmonary veins
b. aorta
c. pulmonary arteries
d. inferior vena cava
pulmonary veins
The anterior surface of the heart consists primarily of the _____.
a. left atrium
b. right atrium
c. left ventricle
d. right ventricle
right ventricle
Blood pressure is determined by _____ multiplied by _____.
a. stroke volume; heart rate
b. heart rate; cardiac output
c. cardiac output; peripheral vascular resistance
d. stroke volume; peripheral vascular resistance
cardiac output; peripheral vascular resistance
The right atrium receives venous blood from the head, neck, and thorax via the _____, from the remainder of the body via the _____, and from the heart via the _____.
a. coronary sinus; superior vena cava; inferior vena cava
b. superior vena cava; coronary sinus; inferior vena cava
c. inferior vena cava; superior vena cava; coronary sinus
d. superior vena cava; inferior vena cava; coronary sinus
superior vena cava; inferior vena cava; coronary sinus
The heart is divided into _____ chambers but functions as a _____-sided pump.
a. two; four
b. three; two
c. four; two
d. four; three
four; two
Stimulation of alpha1 receptors results in _____.
a. increased heart rate
b. peripheral vasoconstriction
c. constriction of bronchial smooth muscle
d. increased force of myocardial contraction
peripheral vasoconstriction
Which side of the heart is a low-pressure system that pumps venous blood to the lungs?
a. Left
b. Right
Right
Which side of the heart is a high-pressure system that pumps arterial blood to the systemic circulation?
a. Left
b. Right
Left
The thick, muscular middle layer of the heart wall that contains the atrial and ventricular muscle fibers necessary for contraction is the _____.
a. epicardium
b. pericardium
c. myocardium
d. endocardium
myocardium
Blood flows from the right atrium through the _____ valve into the right ventricle.
a. mitral
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
tricuspid
Rapid ejection of blood from the ventricular chambers of the heart occurs because the _____ and _____ valves open.
a. pulmonic; aortic
b. tricuspid; mitral
c. pulmonic; mitral
d. tricuspid; aortic
pulmonic; aortic
The base of the heart is found at approximately the level of the _____ rib(s).
a. first
b. second
c. fourth
d. fifth and sixth
second
Which of the following are semilunar valves?
a. Aortic and pulmonic
b. Aortic and tricuspid
c. Pulmonic and mitral
d. Tricuspid and mitral
Aortic and pulmonic
Blood leaves the left ventricle through the _____ valve to the aorta and its branches and is distributed throughout the body.
a. mitral
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
aortic
Blood flows from the left atrium through the _____ valve into the left ventricle.
a. mitral
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
mitral
The right ventricle expels blood through the _____ valve into the pulmonary trunk.
a. mitral
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
pulmonic
The primary neurotransmitters of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system are _____.
a. dopamine and acetylcholine
b. muscarine and norepinephrine
c. acetylcholine and epinephrine
d. norepinephrine and epinephrine
norepinephrine and epinephrine
Complete occlusion of the _____ coronary artery, also referred to as the widow maker, usually results in sudden death.
a. right
b. left main
c. circumflex
d. left anterior descending
left main
Stimulation of beta2 receptor sites results in _____.
a. increased heart rate
b. peripheral vasoconstriction
c. constriction of renal blood vessels
d. dilation of bronchial smooth muscle
dilation of bronchial smooth muscle
Chronotropy refers to an effect on _____.
a. heart rate
b. force of contraction
c. bronchial smooth muscle
d. speed of conduction through the atrioventricular node
heart rate
The left main coronary artery divides into the _____ branches.
a. marginal and circumflex
b. marginal and anterior descending
c. anterior and posterior descending
d. anterior interventricular artery descending and circumflex
d. anterior interventricular artery descending and circumflex
The primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is _____.
a. dopamine
b. muscarine
c. acetylcholine
d. norepinephrine
acetylcholine
The _____ artery supplies the right atrium and ventricle with blood.
a. right coronary
b. left main coronary
c. left circumflex
d. left anterior descending
right coronary
The tricuspid valve is _____.
a. a semilunar valve
b. located between the left ventricle and aorta
c. located between the right atrium and right ventricle
d. located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
c. located between the right atrium and right ventricle
When the left ventricle contracts, freshly oxygenated blood flows through the _____ valve into the _____.
a. aortic; aorta
b. mitral; right atrium
c. tricuspid; right ventricle
d. pulmonic; pulmonary arteries
aortic; aorta
Thin strands of fibrous connective tissue extend from the atrioventricular (AV) valves to the papillary muscles and prevent the AV valves from bulging back into the atria during ventricular systole. These strands are called _____.
a. cardiac cilia
b. Purkinje fibers
c. papillary muscles
d. chordae tendineae
chordae tendineae
__________ is the period during which a heart chamber is contracting and blood is being ejected.
Systole
The thick, muscular middle layer of the heart wall that contains the atrial and ventricular muscle fibers necessary for contraction is the __________.
myocardium
The ______ chambers receive blood from the vena cava and coronary sinus.
right atrium
The inferior outer surface of the heart is also called the _____ surface.
diaphragmatic
The _____ are the heart chambers that pump blood.
ventricles
_____ is the period of relaxation during which a heart chamber is filling.
Diastole
Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptor sites will result in peripheral vasoconstriction.
F
Blood pressure is the result of cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance.
T
In most patients, the sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes are supplied by the _____ coronary artery.
a. right
b. left main
c. circumflex
d. left anterior descending
right
The intrinsic rate of the atrioventricular (AV) bundle is _____ beats/min.
a. 20 to 40
b. 40 to 60
c. 60 to 80
d. 80 to 100
40 to 60
How do you determine whether the atrial rhythm on an ECG tracing is regular or irregular?
a. Compare QT intervals.
b. Compare PR intervals.
c. Compare R to R intervals.
d. Compare P to P intervals.
Compare P to P intervals
_____ is the ability of cardiac pacemaker cells to spontaneously initiate an electrical impulse without being stimulated from another source, such as a nerve.
a. Excitability
b. Conductivity
c. Automaticity
d. Contractility
Automaticity
In the heart’s conduction system, the _____ receive(s) an electrical impulse from the bundle of His and relay(s) it to the Purkinje fibers in the ventricular myocardium.
a. atrioventricular (AV) node
b. atria
c. sinoatrial (SA) node
d. right and left bundle branches
d. right and left bundle branches
In the heart’s conduction system, the _____ receive(s) an electrical impulse from the right and left bundle branches and relay(s) it to the ventricular myocardium.
a. AV node
b. SA node
c. Purkinje fibers
d. atrial pacemaker cells
Purkinje fibers
What does the QRS complex represent?
a. Atrial depolarization
b. Ventricular contraction
c. Ventricular repolarization
d. Ventricular depolarization
Ventricular depolarization
The normal pacemaker of the heart is the _____ node, which is found in the _____ atrium, and has an intrinsic firing rate of _____ beats/min.
a. sinoatrial; left; 40 to 60
b. sinoatrial; right; 60 to 100
c. atrioventricular; left; 20 to 40
d. atrioventricular; right; 100 to 180
sinoatrial; right; 60 to 100
On an ECG, what is the first negative deflection seen after the P wave?
a. Q wave
b. R wave
c. S wave
d. T wave
Q wave