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Govt 2305 > Chapter 1,2,3 > Flashcards

Chapter 1,2,3 Flashcards

1
Q

Autocracy

A

A form of government in which a single individual- king, queen, or dictator rules

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2
Q

Oligarchy

A

Small group controls most of the governing decisions (landowners, military officers)

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3
Q

Autoritarian

A

Few legal limits; some limits imposed by social group

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4
Q

Totalitarianism

A

Government has no formal limits on its power and seeks to absorb or eliminate social institutions that challenge it

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5
Q

Constitutional Government

A

Limits are placed on power of government

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6
Q

Democracy Direct

A

Citizens permitted to vote directly on laws and polices

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7
Q

Democracy Representative

A

You elect someone to represent you

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8
Q

Liberal

A

Favor regulation of Economy.

Limited government role on social issues

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9
Q

Conservative

A

Limited government role on Economy.

Favor government involvement in social issues.

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10
Q

Libertarians

A

Limited government involvement in both Economy and social issues

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11
Q

Pluralism

A

All should be free to compete for influence in the government: outcome of this competition is compromise and moderation

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12
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A

Showed lack of national unity

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13
Q

Virginia Plan

A

Favored Population

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14
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

Favored equal representation

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15
Q

3/5 Compromise

A

every 3/5 of a slave counts as a citizen

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16
Q

Concurring

A

Solicitor General

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17
Q

The Great Compromise

A

The Connecticut Compromise

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18
Q

Separation of Powers

A

Prevent concentration of power:
Legislative Branch
Executive Branch
Judicial Branch

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19
Q

Check and Balances

A

Each branch would have some control over the other branches

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20
Q

Commerce Clause

A

Article 1 Section 8:

Gives Congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among states

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21
Q

Full Faith and Credit Clause

A

Article 4 Section 1:

Honor public acts and judicial decisions that take place in another state

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22
Q

Privileges and Immunities Clause

A

State cannot discriminate against someone from another state or give residents privileges

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23
Q

Necessary and Proper Clause

A

Expands power of the National Government

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24
Q

Amendment Process

A

Article 5

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25
Expressed Powers
Powers the Constitution gave congress and the President (power to tax)
26
Implied Powers
Not specifically expressed but implied through the expansive interpretation of delegates powers (IRS)
27
Inherent Powers
Powers held by the U.S. President which are not specified in the Constitution, but which are needed to efficiently perform the duties of the office.
28
Concurrent Powers
Authority possessed by both State and National government
29
Police Powers
power reserved to the state gov to regulate the health, safety, and morals of the citizens
30
Federal system
System of gov where power is divided by a constitution between a certain gov and regional gov
31
Dual Federalism
government powers were shared between the federal and state government
32
Cooperative Federalism
All 3 levels of government work together to combat a crisis
33
Devolution
a policy to remove a program from one level of government by delegating it or passing it down to a lower level of government such as from the national movement to the state and local government
34
Confederation
Regional levels of gov have power independent of the national gov
35
Unitary system
A centralized go system in which lower levels of gov have little power independent of the national government
36
Block Grants
Federal grants-in-aid that allow states considerable discretion in how the funds are spent
37
Categorical Grants
congressional grants given to states and localities on condition that expenditures be limited to a problem or group specific by law
38
States rights
the principle that the step should oppose the increasing authority of the national government; this principle was most popular in the period before the Civil War
39
Supremacy Clause
If federal government passes a law the states can't make laws against it
40
Federal Mandate
Federal order imposed upon states( Americans with Disabilities Act)
41
Requirements/Terms- Congress
25 years old citizen of the United States be an inhabitant of the state they represent 6yr term limit
42
Fillbuster
tactic used by members of the Senate to prevent acton on legislation they oppose by continuously holding the floor and speaking until the majority backs down
43
Gerrymandering
the apportionment of voters in districts in such a way as to give unfair advantage to one racial or ethnic group of political party
44
Franking
free mail/ advertising
45
Pork
Local projects that are often not needed
46
Impeachment Process
Starts in the House of Representative | Moves to the Senate (2/3 vote required)
47
Congressional Committees
Standing- Permanent, propose/ write legislation Select- Temporary, highlight/investigate issue within committee Joint-has members of both Senate/House Conference- Work out a compromise on House and Senate
48
Power of Senate
Impeachment Tax Bills Amendment process
49
Legislative process
``` Receives Bill Committees Subcommittees Rule Committee in the House Vote in Senate Floor action in both chambers Conference committee ```
50
Markup
rewrites legislation to change during hearing of Bill
51
Incumbent
someone who already holds office
52
Logrolling
Agreements are made between legislators in voting for or against a bill; vote trading
53
Oversight
monitor Presidents actions and over see government agencies
54
Casework
Members of Congress provide to constituents who request assistance.
55
redistricting
redrawing district map for gain/loss in House seats
56
Patronage
is the dispensation of favours or rewards such as public office, jobs, contracts, subsidies, prestige or other valued benefits by a patron (who controls their dispensation) to a client
57
Requirements/term- President
Must be 35 Natural Born Citizen Resident for 14 Years
58
Diplomatic recognition
what countries we deal with
59
Cabinet
secretaries, or chief administrators, of the major departments of the federal government; Cabinet secretaries are appointed by the president with the consent of the Senate
60
Inner cabinet
Most important Cabinet
61
Kitchen Cabinet
Jackson cabinet
62
22nd Amendment
Limits President to two terms in office
63
25th Amendment
Vice President
64
Line of Succession
``` Vice Speaker of the House Senate President Pro tempore Secretary of State Secretary of the Treasure ```
65
Vice Presidents Role
Balancing the Ticket Supporting Prez Presidential Succession
66
Original Jurisdiction
Authority to initially consider a case
67
Appellate Jurisdiction
authority to hear appeals from a lower court decision
68
Judicial review
Power of the court to review and if necessary declare actions of the legislative or executive branches unconstitutional
69
Marbury v. Madison
Established Judicial Review
70
McCulloch v. Maryland
Established National Supremacy
71
Judicial Activism
go beyond the words of the Constitution
72
Judicial Restraint
refuse to go beyond the Constitution
73
Rule of Four
to hear a case you need 4 justices
74
Amicus Curiae
individual/group who seek to assist Court in reaching a decision by presenting additional briefs
75
Stare decisis
doctrine that a previous decision by a court applies as a precedent in similar cases until that decision is overruled
76
Writ of Certiorari
at lest 4 of the nine Justices to review a decision of a lower court
77
Federal Court Structure
Trail Courts Courts of Appeal Supreme Court
78
Affirm
upheld decision
79
Reverse
the decision
80
Remand
conclude that a mistake was made in lower court
81
Unanimous
9-0
82
Majority
8-1
83
Split
4-4
84
Concurring
opinion on why the majority was wrong

Govt 2305 (2 decks)

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