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physics review > Chapter 1,2,3 > Flashcards

Chapter 1,2,3 Flashcards

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1
Q

The horizontal axis runs ____ to _____ and is the ___ axis.

A

side to side. x-axis

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2
Q

The vertical axis runs ____ to ____ and is the ___ axis.

A

up and down. Y - axis.

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3
Q

Define unrelated

A

Two items that are not associated

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4
Q

Directly related or directly proportional

A

Two items that are associated such that one increases, the other increases.

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5
Q

The graph of two directly related items extends from ______ to ______.

A

lower left to upper right.

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6
Q

Inversely related or inversely proportional

A

two items are associated such that when one item increases, the other decreases.

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7
Q

The graph of two inversely related items extend from ______ to _______.

A

upper left to lower right.

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8
Q

10^9

A

Giga, billion

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9
Q

10^6

A

mega, million

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10
Q

10^3

A

kilo, thousand

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11
Q

10^2

A

hecto, hundred

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12
Q

10^1

A

deca, ten

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13
Q

10^-1

A

deci, tenth

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14
Q

10^-2

A

centi, hundredth

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15
Q

10^-3

A

milli, thousandth

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16
Q

10^-6

A

micro, millionth

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17
Q

10^-9

A

nano, billionth

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18
Q

Unit of area

A

cm^2, ft^2

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19
Q

Unit of length

A

distance, circumference, feet

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20
Q

unit of volume

A

cm^3, ft^3

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21
Q

acoustic propagation properties

A

The effects of the medium upon the sound wave.

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22
Q

Biological effect

A

The effects of the sound-wave upon the biological tissue through which it passes.

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23
Q

Three acoustic variables that distinguish between sound waves and other types of waves:

A

Pressure, density, distance

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24
Q

Units for pressure

A

Pascals (Pa)

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25
Q

Units for density

A

kg/cm^3

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26
Q

Units for distance

A

cm,ft,mile

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27
Q

What does Acoustic Parameters tell you ?

A

about the waves feature

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28
Q

Name the seven acoustic parameters

A

Amplitude, Power, Intensity, frequency, wavelength, period, propagation speed.

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29
Q

In a transverse wave, particles move in a direction that is __________ to the direction that the wave propagates.

A

perpendicular

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30
Q

In a longitudinal wave, particles move in _______ direction that the wave propagates.

A

same

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31
Q

Sound travels in a ________ line.

A

Straight

32
Q

Sound waves are __________ waves.

A

Longitudinal

33
Q

A pair of waves are considered _________ when their peaks occur at the same time and at the same location.

A

in-phase.

34
Q

A pair of waves are considered ______ when their peaks occur at different times.

A

out- of phase.

35
Q

When waves lose their individual characteristic at the moment and combine to form a single wave: this combination is called ___________.

A

Interference

36
Q

The interference of a pair of ________ result in formation of a single wave of greater amplitude is called ___________.

A

in-phase, constructive interference.

37
Q

The interference of a pair of _______ results in the formation of a single wave of lesser amplitude than at least one of its components is called __________.

A

Out-of-phase, destructive interference.

38
Q

The time it takes to vibrate a single cycle is called ________. what are the units?

A

Period

Units: time : ex: seconds, microseconds, hours, days.

39
Q

Typical value of period in diagnostic ultrasound is _______ to ________.

A

0.06 seconds to 0.5 microseconds.

40
Q

Period is determined by the _________ source only.

A

sound

41
Q

The number of particular events that occur in a specific duration of time is called _________. What are the units?

A

Frequency

Units: hertz. “per second”

42
Q

In clinical imaging, frequency ranges from approximately _____ to _______.

A

2Mhz to 15 Mhz.

43
Q

Infrasound means

A

less than 20hz

44
Q

audible sound in ultrasound ______ to _______.

A

20 hz to 20 khz

45
Q

Ultrasound

A

Greater than 20 khz

46
Q

why is frequency important in ultrasound ?

A

frequency is important in sonography because it affects penetration and image quality.

47
Q

Three parameters that describe the magnitude of a sound wave:

A

Amplitude, power, intensity.

48
Q

Amplitude is the ________ of a wave.

A

Bigness

49
Q

What are the units for amplitude ?

A

Any of the three acoustic variables

Pascals
kg/cm^3
distance

50
Q

In clinical imaging, pressure amplitude ranges from _____ pascals, to ________ pascals.

A

1 million to 3 million.

51
Q

How are period and frequency related?

A

inversely related.

52
Q

_____ is the rate of energy transfer or the rate at which work is performed.

A

Power

53
Q

Units for power ______.

A

watts

54
Q

In clinical imaging, typical powers range from ______ to ________ watts.

A

0.004 to 0.090.

4 to 90 milliwatts.

55
Q

Power is determined only by _______ source.

A

Sound

56
Q

How are amplitude and power related?

A

Power is related to amplitude squared

57
Q

________ is the concentration of energy in a sound beam.

A

intensity

58
Q

What are the units of intensity ?

A

watts/cm^2

59
Q

Intensity is determined by the _____ only.

A

Sound

60
Q

In clinical imaging, intensity ranges from ____ to _____.

A

0.01 to 300 W/cm^2

61
Q

___________ is the distance or length of one complete cycle.

A

Wavelength

62
Q

What are the units of wavelength?

A

mm, meter or any units of length.

63
Q

In clinical imaging, wavelength in soft tissue ranges from __ to ___.

A

0.1 to 0.8 mm.

64
Q

What is wavelength determined by?

A

The sound source and the medium.

65
Q

What is the wavelength of 1 MHz sound in soft tissue?

A

1.54 mm

66
Q

______ is the rate at which a sound wave travels through a medium.

A

Propagation Speed

67
Q

what are the units for speed?

A

m/s or mm/us

68
Q

What is the typical values of the speed of sound in the body?

A

500 m/s to 4000 m/s.

69
Q

Speed is only determined by the ______.

A

medium.

70
Q

The speed of sound in soft tissue is _______>

A

1540 m/s.

71
Q

_________ and ________ are two characteristics that affect the speed of sound.

A

Stiffness and density.

72
Q

How are stiffness and speed related?

A

They are directly related.

73
Q

How are density and speed related?

A

inversely related.

74
Q

Bulk modulus is the same as _______.

A

stiffness.

75
Q

Elasticity and compressibility are the opposite of ______.

A

stiff.

76
Q

What is the equation for intensity?

A

I= p/a

physics review (4 decks)

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