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Intro to Psychology > Chapter 1 2 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 2 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Psychology?

A

The study of the mind or soul and human behavior/ experience

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2
Q

What are the three major Philosophical issues in Psy?

A

free will vs determinism
Mind brain problem
Nature vs Nurture

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3
Q

What is free will vs determinism?

A

Free will: That behavior is caused by a person independent decision.
Determinism:The idea that every event has a cause or determinant or actions are a reaction to the environment

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4
Q

What is the Mind Brain Problem?

A

Mental activity and brain activity are inseparable

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5
Q

What are the two terms that are connected to Mind Brain Problem?

A

Monism and dualism

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6
Q

What is Dualism?

A

Holds the mind separate from the brain but somehow controls the brain and therefore the rest of the body.

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7
Q

What is Monism?

A

The view that conscious experience is inseparable from the physical brain and the mind is the body/brain

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8
Q

What is nature vs Nurture?

A

Behavioral differences relate to differences in both heredity and environment.

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9
Q

What is Nature?

A

Explained by biology and genetics/hereditary

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10
Q

What is Nurture?

A

Explained by the environment

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11
Q

What is a clinical psychologist?

A

Have advanced degrees like PhD and helping people with psychological problems

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12
Q

What is a Psychiatrist?

A

have an MD degree and four years of residency, deal with emotional disturbances, and can prescribe drugs.

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13
Q

What is a research psychologist?

A

Cognitive, Biological, Evolutionary, Social, and Cross Culture Psychology

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14
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

Controlled (manipulated) by the researcher because the researcher
believes it will impact the DV

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15
Q

What is a dependent variable?*

A
  • Impacted by the IV
  • Measurable outcome
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16
Q

What is an experiment?

A

Experiments require observations
○ Physical evidence, systematically recorded
Experiments can tell you the causation

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17
Q

What is a Hypothesis?

A

Prediction about the relationship between variables and must be done before analyzing data
Good observations and measurements often suggest a pattern, which is a clear predictive statement, often an attempt to explain the observations.

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18
Q

What is Correlations?

A

Correlations can only tell you if there is a relationship
* Additional exploration is always needed to determine if there is a
cause and effect relationship

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19
Q

True or False: Correlation does not equal causation

A

True

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20
Q

What is the principle of parsimony?

A

We stick with ideas that work and try as hard as we can to avoid new assumptions, - All else being equal, scientists prefer the theory that relies on simpler assumptions, or assumptions consistent with other theories that are already accepted.

21
Q

What is a Placebo effect?

A

It is a substance with no known pharmacological effects.

22
Q

Which of these comes first in a research study?

A

Hypothesis

23
Q

When Clever Hans appeared to do math, what was he responding to?

A

Facil expressions

24
Q

What is an anecdote?

A

a report of a single event

25
Q

An experiment is the only way to determine which of the following?

A

cause and effect relationship

26
Q

What is a theory?

A

Its not a guess but an explanation or model that fits many observation and makes accurate predictions.

27
Q

What is the testing psychological phenomenon?

A

Hypothesis, Method,Replication,Interpretation

28
Q

What is Causality/causation?

A

Causation, or cause and effect, is used in experimental research to determine whether or not changes in one variable lead to changes in another.

29
Q

What is a neuron?

A

Cells that communicate messages to other cells and communication occurs via neurotransmitters and neurotransmitters have specific functions / Neurons - The brain consists of an enormous number of separate cells

30
Q

What are the three parts a neuron consists of?

A

A cell body, dendrites, and an axon.

31
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

When an action potential reaches the terminal bouton, it releases a neurotransmitter, a chemical that activates receptors on other neurons

32
Q

What is dopamine?

A

The mood and feelings of pleasure, also addiction,movement and motivation.People repeat behaviors that lead to dopamine release

33
Q

What is Serotonin?

A

A mood contributes to well-being and happiness. Helps sleep cycle and disgective system requlation.Affected by exercise and light exposure

33
Q

What are stimulants?

A

drugs that increase energy, alertness, and activity

34
Q

Two terms that are part of the nervous system?

A

Central and Peripheral nervous system

35
Q

What does the central nervous system consist of?

A

Brain & Spinal Cord
● Concentration of neurons
whose primary job is to
process information and
send messages to the rest
of the body

36
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

A

Nerve cells in the skin, muscles
and other organs
● Includes Autonomic Nervous
System and somatic and sympathetic and parasympathetic

37
Q

What response is the sympathetic nervous system?

A

A stress response as it revs you up, prepares you to flight, take flight, or freeze

38
Q

What response is the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

A relaxation response calms you down, preparing you to rest, think and restore

39
Q

What is part of the peripheral nervous system?

A

The somatic and autonomic and sympathetic and parasympathetic

40
Q

What is the difference between somatic and autonomic?

A

Somatic: Voluntary movement of skeletal muscle
Autonomic: is part of the para-sympathetic, that are involuntary movement of smooth muscles and glands of organs

41
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

A

the heart and other organs

42
Q

The central nervous system consists of what cells?

A

neurons and glia

43
Q

What is the synapse?

A

The places where neurons connect and communicate with each other

44
Q

What effects occur when consuming marijuana?

A

Biological: Slow synaptic firing
Behavioral: moderate pain reduction, cognitive effect

45
Q

What effects occur when consuming depressants?

A

Biological:inhibits (stops) synapses from firing
behavioral:Decrease arousal, decrease activity (suppresses biological functions)

46
Q

What effects occur when consuming narcotics?

A

Biological: Increase endorphins
Behavioral: pain reduction, euphoria

47
Q

What effects occur when consuming hallucinogens?

A

Biological: increases serotonin
Behavioral: induces sensory distortions

48
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

Controls bodily functions
that are “automatic”
○ Includes sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous
system
■ Both target similar
organs but have
different functions

Intro to Psychology (2 decks)

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