chapter 1,2,3 Flashcards
Behaviour
Actions and responses that can be directly observed
Mind
Internal states and process (ex:thoughts and feelings) that cannot be observed directly and that must be inferred from observational and measurable responses
Pseudoscience
A field that incorporates astrology,graphology, rumpology, and is dressed to look like science and it attracts many believers despite its lack of credible scientific evidence
Field of psychology: Basic and Applied Research
Basic:
-Research seeking knowledge for the sake of knowledge
-The goals of basic research or to describe how people behave and to identify the factors that influence her cause a particular type of behaviour
Applied:
-Research trying to answer specific practical problems
-Often uses principles discovered through basic research to solve practical problems
Psychologies goals
1.to describe how people and animals behave
2. To explain and understand the causes of these behaviours
3. To predict how people and animals will behave under certain conditions
4. To influence or control behaviour through knowledge and control if it causes to enhance human welfare
Culture
Widely shared customs, beliefs, values, norms, institutions, and other products of a community that are transmitted socially across generations
The scientific approach
- Systematic gathering an investigation of empirical evidence
-empirical evidence: Evidence gained from manipulating or tinkering around with things and then observing what happens
-Systematic: Performed according to a system of rules or conditions
-It Hass to be capable of being verified or disapproved by observation or experiment
Mind-body dualism
-The belief that the mind is a spiritual entity that is not governed by the same rules as the physical body
Dualism: Implies that no amount of research on the physical body including the brain could ever hope to unravel the mysteries of the non-physical mind
Renee Descartes
-Propose that the mind and the body interact via the penal gland
-the mind resides in the brain but is separate-maintained the idea that the mind was a spiritual nonmaterial entity
-one of the earliest ideas of how to connect your mind and body
-believed the animal spirits leaving the pineal gland will result in movement
Wilhelmina Wundt(Structuralism)
- Declared that psychology should be science modelled after physics and chemistry
- Believed the mind could be studied by breaking it down into its basic components this approach is known as structuralism
-Believe psychology subject matter should be consciousness and it’s methods should be scientifically rigourous
Structuralism
- Led by Edward Titchener
- Focussed on identifying the fundamental components of conscious experience such as sensations, feelings and images
- utilized introspection-careful systematic observations of one’s own conscious experience
Functionalism
- led by William James
- Focussed on investigating the function or purpose of consciousness
- Let’s investigation of mental testing, developmental patterns and sex differences
-These topics may have attracted the first woman into psychology
Visible In:cognitive psychology and evolutionary psychology
Sigmund Freud
- Developed the first psychodynamic(Searches for a cause of behaviour within the inner workings of our personality, emphasizes on the role of unconscious process)theory
-He became convinced that an unconscious part of the mind profoundly influences behaviour and he developed a theory and a form of psychoanalysis
-His ideas around or like a free will and sexuality were met with considerable resistance
Psychoanalysis
The analysis of internal and primarily unconscious psychological forces of
Modern psychodynamic theory
-Continues to explore the role of conscious and unconscious parts of personality on behaviour
-Down plays hidden sexual and aggressive motives and focusses on how early relationships shapes the views people form of themselves and others
