Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards
CSI
Construction Specification Institute
3 E’s
Economic, Ecological, Ethical
L.E.E.D
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
InsUlation
Keeps the hot out and the cold in.
InsOlation
“radiation” Solar gain from the sun
Orthographic Projections
Straight lines that relate to each other in a 2D field
Slope %
slope = rise/run X 100
Trees Provide ________.
Shade from sun, aesthetics, noise dampening, windbreak, directs views, defines space, stabilizes soil, improves air quality.
Altitude
Angular elevation of the sun above the horizon
Azimuth
The angle of the horizontal deviation, measured clockwise, of a bearing from a standard south direction.
Cold Region
Decrease surface area to reduce exposure to low temps
Temperate Region
Elongating the building on the east and west axis and maximize south facing walls
Hot-arid Region
Building forms should enclose courtyard spaces use evaporative cooling with water features and provide shade for windows and outdoor spaces
Hot-humid Region
Elongate on East-West axis and minimize east-west exposure. utilize wind, provide shade
Passive solar heating
Uses solar energy to heat interior of building without relying on mechanical systems
Direct gain
Heat is collected directly within the interior space.
Indirect Gain
heat is collected outside of building and transferred through wall into space
Roof Pond
heat is absorbed and passed into building through water on roof which is controlled with an insulation panel
Isolated Gain
Heated outside- heat rises- then cools and falls for reheating
Horizontal overhangs
Best facing south- ledge over window
Horizontal Louvers
bars parallel to wall, blocks sun and allows far air movement
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Slanted Louvers
More protection than parallel
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Louvers Hung from Overhang
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Vertical Louvers
Rotate with sun giving best shade possible
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Egg Crates
Give best shading and very effective in hot climates
Solar Blinds
50% reduction in radiation and 40% heat absorption from heat-absorbing glass
North Windows
Soft diffused skylight
East-West Windows
Need blinds to help block out bright early mornings and late afternoon sun
Light Shelving
Blocks out majority of sun (heat) but lets reflects light up into ceiling.
Cistern
Collects water
Swale
low spot in floor to transfer water
Zoning ordinance
Controls where and what can be built, also controls town layout and growth plans
Set Backs
How close something can be built to an object
Easement
Law stating that Utilities services can access your land to get to their equipment
Building Code
Restricts: Type of occupancy, fire rating, and construction. As well as Height and Floor areas and set backs
Stairs
11” Tread 4-7” Riser
Tactile Strip
Pads that are bumpy allowing blind people to know where a crossing is.
Handy Cap Stall
96” minimum width
Rip-Rap
Gravel and rock filled slope of channel that slows and dissipates water flow
Filter Fabric
Separates old earth from new earth
Cribbing
Interlocking frames that are then filled
Concrete Retaining Wall
Holds lateral pressure of slope keeping it from moving
Cold joint
Two part wall that is poured on site
Key Way
locks to pieces together once set
Retaining wall types
Gravity Wall, T-Type Cantilevered Wall, Counter-fort Wall, L-Type Cantilevered Wall, Horizontal Timber Wall, Brick Veneer Wall, Dry Stone Wall
Types of Pavers
Brick Paver- 4X4X8,12,1 ||| Concrete Unit Paver- 12,18,24X1.5-3” ||| Interlocking Pavers 2.5-3.5” thick ||| Grid/Turfblock ||| Granite Cobble ||| Cut Stone |||
Paver Patterns
Unit running bond, Stack Bond, Unit Basket Weave, interlocking basket weave, octagon and dot, Roman cobble, Coursed Ashlar, Unit & interlocking herringbone, turf block, random stone
Bones
Structural System- Columns, beams, truss’, load bearing walls. Transmits applied gravity into ground
Skin
Enclosure System- Roof exterior walls, windows, and doors. Controls bad weather– heat and cold
Guts
Mechanical System-
Prescribed vs Performance
Prescribed has plans and lists while performance may go beyond requirements it could be problematic to build
Economic Considerations
Initial cost, labor, transportation
Life Cycle Costs
maintenance, operating, demolition, replacement parts, interest in invested money
Construction Practices
What tech can we use to build it faster better and safer
International Building Code
created in 2000
Fire Resistance ratings
Burns in hours
Type I
Non combustible building like steel, concrete, and brick
Type II
Same but reduced FP Rating
Type III
Exterior are Non combustible but interior can be anything
Type IV
Heavy Timber
Type V
All wood
Type A
Non Sprinkler
Type B
Sprinkler
Building Occupancy Uses (9)
A-Assembly B-Business E-Educational F-Factories H-Hazardous I-Institutional M-Mercantile R-Residential S-Storage
Static/Dead Load
Act vertically downward permanently (gravity)
Dynamic/Live Load
Forces on building that can be moved- snow, water, wind, furniture
Impact and Seismic
Something striking the building or an earthquake
Roof pitched more than 30*
Creates downforce
Roof Pitched less than 30*
Creates suction