Chapter 1 - 2 Flashcards
CNS
Central Nervous System. All neurons in the brain.
PNS
Peripheral Nervous System. All neurons outside the CNS (brain).
Drug action
Molecular changes associated with a drug binding to a particular target site or receptor
Drug effect
Alterations in physiological or psychological functions associated with a specific drug
Therapeutic effects
The desired effect of a drug, such as pain relief
Side effects
The undesired effect of a drug
Specific effects
The physical or behavioral changes associated with a drug, biochemically
Non-specific effects
The physical or behavioral changes not associated with the chemical reactions of the drug, but associated with the expectations, emotions, experiences, etc, of the person
Drug Administration methods
Oral administration (PO) Intravenous (IV) Rectal Intramuscular (IM) Intraperitoneal (IP) Subcutaneous (SC) Inhalation Topical Intranasal Transdermal Epidural Infusion pump Intercranial Intracerebroventricular
Oral administration (PO)
Administering a drug through the mouth
Intravenous (IV) administration
Administering a drug directly into the bloodstream through a vein
Rectal administration
Administering a drug through the lower intestine
Intramuscular (IM) administration
Administering a drug into a muscle
Intraperitoneal (IP) administration
Administrating a drug through the abdominal wall and into the peritoneal cavity (around the abdominal organs)
Used usually for small laboratory animals
Subcutaneous (SC) administration
Administering a drug by injecting it just below the skin
Inhalation administration
Administering a drug through the lungs
Topical administration
Administering a drug through a mucous membrane, such as oral cavity, nasal mucosa, or vagina
Intranasal administration
Topical administration of a drug through the nasal mucosa
Transdermal administration
Administering a drug through the skin
Epidural administration
Administrating a drug into the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the spinal cord
Infusion pump administration
Administering a drug via implanted pump that delivers regular, constant doses to the body or into the cerebral ventricles
Intercranial administration
Administering a drug into brain tissue
Intracerebroventricular administration
Administering a drug into the cerebrospinal fluid of the ventricles
