Chapter 1-2

Question 0

Define Paleo-Indians

Answer 0

First migrants of NA

Question 1

Define Beringia

Answer 1

the land bridge between Serbia and Alaska

Question 2

Define Clovis Point

Answer 2

Spear head used by Paleo-Indians

Question 3

Define Hunter-Gatherer

Answer 3

A way of life that involved hunting game and gathering from naturally occurring sources

Question 4

Define Archaic Indians

Answer 4

Hunting and gathering peoples that descended from Paleo-Indians

Question 5

Define pueblos

Answer 5

agricultural settlements and Multiunit dwellings , storage , and ceremonial centers

Question 6

Define Pueblo Bonito

Answer 6

the largest residential and ceremonial site

Question 7

Define burial mounds

Answer 7

Earthen mounds constructed by ancient American peoples

Question 8

Define chiefdom

Answer 8

hierarchal social organization headed by a chief

Question 9

Define Cahokia

Answer 9

largest ceremonial site in NA

Question 10

Define Mexica

Answer 10

an empire that stretched from coast to coast across Central Mexico and encompassed about 25 millions people

Question 11

Define tribute

Answer 11

The goods the Mexica collected from conquered people

Question 12

Why do historians rely on the work of archaeologists to write the history of ancient NA?

Answer 12

Archaeologists study the artifacts and physical objects which indicate a rough culture and chronological boundary between the human beings studied by the two groups of scholars , a boundary marked by the use of writing.

Question 13

How and why did humans migrate into NA after 15,000 BP?

Answer 13

They crossed the Bering Strait and they migrated because they were following the larger mammals

Question 14

Why did Archaic Native Americans shift from big game hunting to foraging and hunting smaller animals ?

Answer 14

Because the bigger game was going extinct

Question 15

How did food gathering strategies influence ancient cultures across NA ?

Answer 15

Agriculture made is possible to establish permanent settlements in of having to follow the migration of the animals

Question 16

What cultural similarities were shared by the diverse peoples of the Western Hemisphere in the 1490s , and Why?

Answer 16

Agriculture because agriculture was effective due to the extinction of larger mammals and agriculture helped supply for hunting & gathering

Question 17

Why was tribute important in the Mexican Empire?

Answer 17

Tribute redistributed to the Mexica as much as onethird of the goods produced by conquered tribes.

Question 18

Define Black Death

Answer 18

disease in the 14th century that killed a 1/3 of Europe’s population

Question 19

Define Reconquest

Answer 19

centuries-long drive to expel Muslims from the Iberian Peninsula undertaken by the Christians kingdoms of Spain and Portugal

Question 20

Define Tainos

Answer 20

Indians who inhabited San Salvador and many Caribbean islands and who were the first people Columbus encountered after making landfall in the New World

Question 21

Define Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 21

The treaty negotiated in 1494 to delineate land claims in the New World

Question 22

Define Columbian Exchange

Answer 22

the transatlantic exchange of goods, people, and ideas that began when Columbus arrived in the Caribbean, ending the age-old separation of the hemispheres

Question 23

Define conquistadors

Answer 23

“conqueror”, Spanish explorers and soldiers who conquered lands in the New World

Question 24

Define Incan Empire

Answer 24

region under the control of the Incas and their emperor, Atahualpa

Question 25

Define Acoma Publo Revolt

Answer 25

Revolt against the Spaniards by Indians living at the Acoma pueblo in 1599.

Question 26

Define New Spain

Answer 26

Land in the New World held by the Spanish crown

Question 27

Define encomienda

Answer 27

A system for governing used during the Reconquest and in New Spain.

Question 28

Define Creoles

Answer 28

Children born to Spanish parents in the New World

Question 29

Define Protestant Reformation

Answer 29

the reform movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther’s critiques of the Roman Catholic Church

Question 30

Why did European exploration expand dramatically in the fifteenth century?

Answer 30

It expanded dramatically because of search for new information, new opportunities , and eventually discover of a world entirely new to europeans

Question 31

How did Columbus’s discoveries help revolutionize Europeans’ understanding of global geography?

Answer 31

It helped show that the world was not flat and also that there are completely new continents that have yet to be discovered

Question 32

How did Spain’s conquests in the New World shape Spanish influence in Europe?

Answer 32

It helped create the Golden Age of Spain