Chapter 1 + 2

Question 1

Pair Production

Answer 1

One gamma ray photon has enough energy to produce a Particle Antiparticle Pair

Question 2

Annihilation

Answer 2

Particle meets antiparticle and Annihilate converting mass into energy
Gamma Ray Photons Produced

Question 3

Alpha Emission

Answer 3

Only happens to big Atoms
Proton number -2
Neucleon number -4

Question 4

Beta Emission

Answer 4

Neutron Rich Nuclei
Emission of electron from nucleus
Proton number +1

Question 5

Proton Number

Answer 5

Number of protons

Question 6

Nucleon Number

Answer 6

Number of protons and neutrons

Question 7

Isotopes

Answer 7

Elements with same number of protons but different nucleon number

Question 8

Hadrons

Answer 8

Feel Strong Nuclear force

Baryons and Mesons

Question 9

Baryons

Answer 9

Proton is only stable Baryon
Total Baryon number never changes
Protons and Neutrons

Question 10

Quarks

Answer 10

Fundamental particles
Proton uud
Neutron udd

Question 11

Properties Conserved in Particle Interactions

Answer 11

Charge- Always
Baryons Number- Always
Strangeness- Strong interactions

Question 12

Fundamental Forces

Answer 12

Strong—-Gluon—-Hadrons
Electromagnetic—-Photon—-Charged
Weak—-W+,W-,Z—-All
Gravity—-Graviton—-All

Question 13

Photoelectric Effect

Answer 13

Shine light of high enough frequency onto the surface of a metal it will emit Electrons

1) Free electrons on the surface of the metal absorb energy from the light and vibrate
2) If electron absorbs enough energy the bonds holding it to the metal will break and the electron is released
3) This is the Photoelectric effect and the particle released is a photo electron

Question 14

Threshold frequency

Answer 14

f=wd/h

Question 15

Max Kinetic energy

Answer 15

hf=wd+1/2mv^2

Question 16

Photon Model

Answer 16

E=hf
When light hits surface of metal it is bombarded by photons
If photon collides with free electron it will gain energy = to hf

Question 17

What does the Photoelectric effect tell us

Answer 17

No photo electrons are emitted if the radiation has a frequency below a certain value—-Threshold Frequency
Number of photo electrons emitted is per second is proportional to intensity
The max kinetic energy increases with the frequency of the radiation and is unaffected by intensity

Question 18

Energy Levels

Answer 18

Electrons in an Atom can exist in energy levels
Electrons can move down an energy level by emitting a photon
1ev=1.6x10^-19

Question 19

Wave Particle Duality

Answer 19

Light produces inference and diffraction patterns

If wave like light showed particle properties, Particles like electrons should be expected to show wave like properties

Question 20

Proton

Answer 20

Charge +1

Mass 1

Question 21

Neutron

Answer 21

Charge 0

Mass 1

Question 22

Electron

Answer 22

Charge -1

Mass 1/2000

Question 23

Antiparticles

Answer 23

Anti Proton
Anti Neutron
Positron
Electron Anti neutrino

Question 24

Mesons

Answer 24

Pions

Kaons

Question 25

Feynman Diagram

Answer 25

Incoming particles at the bottom Baryons on one side Leptons on the other W bosons carry charge from one side to the other W- left = W+ right

Question 26

Leptons

Answer 26

``` Don't feel strong nuclear force Electrons and Neutrinos Electron----Neutrino Muon----Neutrino Tau-----Neutrino They all have charge or -1 Neutrinos have charge 0 ```

Question 27

De Broglie Wavelength

Answer 27

Wavelength=h/mv

Question 28

Specific Charge

Answer 28

Ratio of charge to mass in a neucleus

Question 29

Anti Particle Quark Composition

Answer 29

3 antiquarks

Question 30

Excitiation

Answer 30

excitation promotes an (orbital) electron to a higher energy/up a level

Question 31

Ionization

Answer 31

``` ionisation occurs (when an electron receives enough energy) to leave the atom ```

Question 32

What is likely to happen to Particles after its creation

Answer 32

Annihilation

Question 33

Electromagnetic Interaction

Answer 33

Photon

Question 34

Weak Interaction

Answer 34

W+

Question 35

Gravity Interaction

Answer 35

Graviton

Question 36

Strong Interaction

Answer 36

Gluon

Question 37

Florescent Tubes

Answer 37

Use excited electrons to produce light