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DT 💻 > Chapter 1+2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1+2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is data

A

raw, unorganised facts that need to be processed and have no meaning

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2
Q

what is information
(ProcOC) to make it M

A

when data is processed, organised and given context to make it meaningful

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3
Q

what is sample rate? - representing sound
how many | of an audio per ……
the more… the higher…

A

how many samples or measurements of an audio per second - the more samples per second are taken the higher quality

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4
Q

what is bit rate - representing sound
tell you how many …. can be processed per…… measured in ……..

A

file or audio tells you how many bits can be processed per second measured in kilobits (kbps) per second

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5
Q

what is bit depth - representing sound

number of b
to store ….. samples
high quality ….. need high … …..

A

the number of bits available to store sound samples - high quality audio need high bit depth

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6
Q

how many bits are in a byte

A

8

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7
Q

how many bytes are in one character on a keyboard

A

1

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8
Q

how many bytes are in one character on a keyboard

A

1 byte

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9
Q

what is streaming a video

A

watching a video in real time instead of downloading a file and watching it later

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10
Q

what is streaming a video

A

watching a video in real time instead of downloading a file and watching it later

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11
Q

what’s an advantage of streaming
(a and doesn’t)

A

accessible, doesn’t take up storage

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12
Q

what’s a disadvantage of streaming a video

A

costly, needs internet connection

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13
Q

what is ‘buffering’ a video

preloading data .. reserved area . mem
buffer is the name for the area in memory where data is …-……

A

preloading data into a reserved area of memory - buffer is the name for the area in memory where data is pre-loaded

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14
Q

what is a pixel - representing images

that can be dis…… and ed…. on a computer

A

the smallest unit of a digital image that can be displayed and edited on a computer

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15
Q

what is image resolution

A

the quality of an image - the more pixels the higher the quality

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16
Q

what is image resolution

A

the quality of an image - the more pixels the higher the quality

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17
Q

what is a bitmap image
made up of individual …….
each …. represents one p….

A

an image made up of individual bits where each bit represents one pixel

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18
Q

what’s a vector based graphic image

images that are completely described using

A

images that are completely described using mathematical definitions

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19
Q

what is data portability

A

the ability to transfer data/files from one computer to another without having to re-enter the data

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20
Q

what does JPEG stand for + what is it

A

Joint Photographic Experts Group
compressed image file

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21
Q

what doe TIFF stand for and what is it

Tagged
larger than ….
used between ….. and ………

A

Tagged Image File Format
larger than JPEGs - used between apple and microsoft

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22
Q

what does PNG stand for and what is it
portable

A

Portable Networks Graphics
shares graphics over internet maintaining quality

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23
Q

what does GIF stand for and what is it
graphics

A

Graphics Interchange Format
usually small and can be animated

24
Q

what is TXT (WHAT is TXT)
TXT is a hint

plain d……. with no form…… opened by any word pro……

A

plain document with no formatting
opened by any word processor

25
Q

what is CSV stand for and what is it used by

A

Comma Separated Value
used by databases

26
Q

what does RTF stand for + what is it?
hint: 💸

A

Rich Text File
basic formatting
scanners usually store in this type of

27
Q

what is MP3

A

compresses audio keeping quality

28
Q

what is MP4

A

compresses sound and video
allows streaming over the internet

29
Q

what does MIDI stand for + what is it

A

Musical Instrument Digital Interface
allows sound samples to be interchanged between digital musical instruments

30
Q

what does MPEG stand for and what is it

A

Moving Pictures Expert Group
digital video files

31
Q

what does AVI stand for + what is it

microsoft

A

Audio Video Interleaved
microsoft file for audio and video
only on microsoft

32
Q

what does PDF stand for + what is it

A

Portable Document Format
captures formatting of documents but are read only
small

33
Q

why does data need to be compressed

A

to make files easier to send and store

34
Q

what is lossy compression

A

reduces size by removing data
e.g. taking out colours
Data is lost forever

35
Q

what’s an example of a data portability that uses lossy compression

A

JPEG

36
Q

what is lossless compression

A

reduces file size without effecting quality
e.g. Zip

37
Q

what does ADC stand for and what is it and what’s it measured in

Analogue

A

Analogue Digital Converter
converts sound waves to digital waves - easier for computer to read
measured in Hertz (Hz)

38
Q

what is systems software

A

the interface between the computer hardware and the user applications. enables computer to operate the hardware and apps software

39
Q

what is application software
enables …

A

enables computer to do particular task
e.g. word processing with Microsoft Word

40
Q

what’s the purpose of the operating system

A

allows hardware + software to communicate

one part of system software is essential in managing all other programs being used on a computer

41
Q

what three roles does the operating system (OS) perform on a computer

(AM S PT)

A

allocate memory
storage
processing time

42
Q

what does it mean when a computer ‘allocates memory’

A

it organises the main memory between programs

data files are transferred to and from the hard disc

43
Q

what does it mean when a computer ‘manages storage’

A

manages storage of data and files on external devices e.g. hard drives

44
Q

what does it mean when a computer ‘allocates processing time’

A

allocates processing time between programs currently being used by dividing time into a number of slices.
depending on priority of tasks results in a number of slices being allocated

45
Q

what does it mean when a computer ‘allocates processing time’

A

allocates processing time between programs currently being used by dividing time into a number of slices.
depending on priority of tasks results in a number of slices being allocated

46
Q

what is batch processing

A

what groups or batches of similar data are collected before being processed
means that computers can input the data at less busy times
e.g. gas bills

47
Q

what is the master file - in batch processing

A

collects the information that doesn’t change over time e.g. customer details

48
Q

what is the transaction file - in batch processing

A

collects the information that changes each period e.g. gas usage.
master file and transaction file are combined for the bill to be produced

49
Q

what is real time processing

A

data processed immediately and output generated is processed quickly enough to influence next input
systems that need accurate, real time information use this e.g. concert ticket companies, air traffic control

50
Q

what is a multi-user system

A

when different computers share the same processor.
processor divides its processing time into time slices and takes turn switching computers at high speed.
e.g. schools use this

51
Q

what is utility software

A

they carry out a very specific task to assist the operating system

52
Q

what is disc defragmentation

A

rearranges data stored on hard disc so that files are stored together in adjacent blocks
all free blocks are stored together
speeds up time it takes to access files because data is stored together

53
Q

what is anti-virus software

A

detect, locate and remove a virus that can infect a system
scans files stored on a computer or storage device and data entering a system and compares them to known viruses on a central database

54
Q

what is back-up and restore

A

when a copy of original data is made in case it gets damaged or lost

backup is used to restore original data to previous state by uploading the latest file into system

procedure may involve backing up the complete data or just backing up what changed

55
Q

what is task scheduling

A

processor time is divided amounts a number of tasks

uses time slices

DT 💻 (1 decks)

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