Chapter 1 & 2

Question 1

What is an Isotope

Answer 1

Species with same number of protons and different number of neutrons

Question 2

Shape of S orbital

Answer 2

Circular

Question 3

Shape of P orbital

Answer 3

Infinity (broken into X, Y, Z)

Question 4

How many bonds can an element form

Answer 4

the number of valence electrons they have

Question 5

Electronegativity trend on the periodic table

Answer 5

Increases as it goes up and to the right

Question 6

Calculate formal Charge

Answer 6

(Valence e-)- (nonbonding e-) - ( 1/2 shared e-)

Question 7

What determines a major isomer

Answer 7

Full octets, Max bonds, little charge separation, negative charges are best on electronegative atoms

Question 8

What determines a minor isomer

Answer 8

less bonds and electron deficient atoms

Question 9

Define arrhenius

Answer 9

Dissolve in H2O (bases OH) (acids H3O)

Question 10

Bronstead Lowery theory

Answer 10

Acids are species that donate a proton (turn to conjugate base) Bases accept the proton (turn to conjugate acid)

Question 11

what does a strong base become?

Answer 11

Weak conjugate acid (strong acid to weak base)

Question 12

What does a weak acid become

Answer 12

Strong conjugate base (weak base becomes strong acid)

Question 13

What does a stable conjugate base tell you?

Answer 13

That it is a poor base, the original acid was strong

Question 14

If the conj base is unstable and reactive

Answer 14

it is a strong base and the original acid was weak

Question 15

What does electronegativity tell you about acidity

Answer 15

the more electronegative, the more acidic (reverse for basicity)

Question 16

As ion size increases

Answer 16

acidity increases

Question 17

What does more resonance structures say?

Answer 17

more stability which means weaker base (conj acid strong)

Question 18

Species can accept lone pair of e-

Answer 18

Acid

Question 19

species can donate lone pair

Answer 19

Base