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AP Chem > Chapter 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Strontium

A

Sr2+

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2
Q

Hydride

A

H-

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3
Q

Fluoride

A

F-

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4
Q

Chloride

A

Cl-

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5
Q

Bromide

A

Br-

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6
Q

Iodide

A

I-

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7
Q

Oxide

A

O2-

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8
Q

Sulfide

A

S2-

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9
Q

Nitride

A

N3-

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10
Q

Phosphide

A

P3-

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11
Q

Iron (II)

A

Fe2+

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12
Q

Iron (III)

A

Fe3+

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13
Q

Copper (I)

A

Cu+

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14
Q

Copper (II)

A

Cu2+

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15
Q

Cobalt (II)

A

Co2+

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16
Q

Cobalt (III)

A

Co3+

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17
Q

Tin (II)

A

Sn2+

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18
Q

Tin (IV)

A

Sn4+

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19
Q

Ammonium

A

NH4+

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20
Q

Hydroxide

A

OH-

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21
Q

Thiocyanate

A

SCN-

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22
Q

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

A

Elements are made up of atoms
All atoms of an element are identical
Compounds are more than one element, always present in the same ratio
Chemical reaction only rearranged

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23
Q

Dalton’s Atomic Theory - Law of multiple proportions

A

Molecules can exist with different amounts of the same elements

24
Q

Dalton’s Atomic Theory shortcomings

A

No mention of structure/composition of atoms
No mention of isotopes
Einstein showed that mass and energy are interchangeable E=mc2

25
Q

Who discovered the electron?

A

J.J. Thompson

26
Q

How did J.J. Thompson discover the electron?

A

Through a cathode ray tube

27
Q

Who discovered the mass and charge of the electron?

A

R.A. Millikan

28
Q

How did R.A. Millikan discover the charge and mass of electrons?

A

Oil drop experiment

29
Q

Who discovered X-rays?

A

Roentgen

30
Q

How did Roentgen discover X-rays?

A

A cathode ray tube covered with black cardboard caused glass & metals to omit strange rays that couldn’t be detected by a magnet
Rays caused fluorescent paper to glow and darken covered photographic plates
These rays are called X-rays

31
Q

Who discovered radioactivity?

A

Becquerel

32
Q

How did Becquerel discover radioactivity?

A

Uranium mineral wrapped in a cloth on top of a photographic plate darkened the plate

33
Q

Who discovered 3 types of radiation?

A

Rutherford

34
Q

How did Rutherford discover 3 types of radiation?

A

Radioactive substance shot through 2 magnets, exposing the 3 rays by their how heavy they were and their charge

35
Q

How did Rutherford discover the nucleus?

A

Alpha particles are sprayed against a lead sheet with a hole, which shoots a beam at a gold foil
Proved an existing but small nucleus

36
Q

Who discovered the neutron?

A

Chadwick

37
Q

How did Chadwick discover the neutron?

A

H has 1p, and He has 2, but He is 4x heavier
He bombarded a thin sheet of beryllium with alpha particles and a high energy radiation was emitted

38
Q

What are hydrogen’s 3 isotopes?

A

Protium, deuterium, and tritium

39
Q

Left side of the periodic table are…

A

Metals
good conductors of heat and electricity
malleable
ductile

40
Q

Right side of the periodic table are…

A

Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Brittle in solid form
Mostly in liquid form

41
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Any group of two or more atoms held in a definite arrangement by chemical bonds

42
Q

What are the 7 elements that are found as pairs?

A

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

43
Q

What is a molecular formula?

A

Formula shows the exact number of each element in a molecule

44
Q

What is an empirical formula?

A

Simplest chemical formula
Simplest ratio

45
Q

What is an allotrope?

A

Distinct forms of an element
O2 vs O3

46
Q

What are binary compounds?

A

Two elements

47
Q

What are ternary compounds?

A

3 elements

48
Q

An “ate” anion has one more…

A

Oxygen that an “ite” ion, but has the same charge

49
Q

Because H has a 1+ charge, when it gets added to the front of a formula…

A

The charge is less negative by 1

50
Q

Evidence of chemical change

A

Gas, odor, formation of precipitate, and temperature change

51
Q

Describe ionic bonds

A

Metal & nonmetal
Exothermic reaction
Octet rule, metals give e-‘s, nonmetals gain e-‘s

52
Q

Describe covalent bonds

A

Sharing electrons
Octet rule
Ex: H and H want 2 e-‘s in their shell, so they share their e-‘s

53
Q

Describe J.J Thompson’s experiment

A

Electrodes we’re placed in a cathrode ray tube where all the air was evacuated
Magnets shows the ray deflecting from the negative side, showing that the particles were negative (electrons)
Figured out charge to mass RATIO

54
Q

Describe R.A Milikans experiment

A

Placed oil droplets in a glass chamber between 2 electrodes
Could measure the charge
Found the mass and charge

55
Q

What is the molecular formula of methylamine?

A

CH3NH2

56
Q

What is the molecular formula of ethanol?

A

C2H6O

57
Q

What is the molecular formula of dimethyl ether?

A

C2H6O

AP Chem (4 decks)

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