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Periodontology > Chapter 1&2: 1.27.15 Lecture > Flashcards

Chapter 1&2: 1.27.15 Lecture Flashcards

0
Q

What is periodontology?

A

The clinical science that deals with the Periodontium in health and disease; that branch of dentistry concerned with the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the supporting structures of the teeth.

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1
Q

Why is it important to study the anatomy of periodontium?

A
  1. To understand normal function.
  2. To understand the disease process.
  3. To understand how to prevent disease.
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2
Q

What is periodontics?

A

The aspect of clinical dentistry involved in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the Periodontium.

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3
Q

What is periodontal disease?

A

Any abnormality or pathological state involving the gingival or supporting tissues of the teeth.

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4
Q

Which periodontal disease deals with inflammation?

A

Gingivitis

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5
Q

Which periodontal disease deals with degeneration (bone loss)?

A

Periodontitis

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6
Q

When the junctional epithelium begins to migrate this action is called?

A

Degeneration = bone loss = periodontitis

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7
Q

Which structure of the Periodontium provides a seal around the neck of the tooth and holds the tissue against the tooth during mastication?

A

Gingiva

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8
Q

Which structure of the Periodontium suspends and maintains the tooth in its socket?

A

PDL (periodontal ligament)

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9
Q

Which structure of the Periodontium anchors the perio ligament fibers to the tooth and protects the dentin?

A

Cementum

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10
Q

Which structure of the Periodontium surrounds and supports the roots of the tooth.

A

Alveolar bone

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11
Q

What are the 4 anatomical areas of gingiva?

A
  1. Free Gingiva
  2. Attached Gingiva
  3. Interdental (papillary) Gingiva
  4. Gingival Sulcus
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12
Q

What is the coronal boundary of the gingiva?

A

Gingival Margin

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13
Q

What is the apical boundary of the gingiva?

A

Mucogingival junction

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14
Q

What demarcation separates the free and attached gingiva?

A

Free Gingival Groove

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15
Q

What demarcation is pink attached gingiva and meets the read, shiny alveolar mucosa?

A

Mucogingival Junction

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16
Q

What is free gingiva, attached gingiva, and interdental gingiva composed of?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

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17
Q

What is free gingiva?

A

The unattached portion of the gingiva that surrounds the tooth in the region of the CEJ.

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18
Q

What part of the gingiva forms the soft tissue wall of the gingival sulcus?

A

Free gingiva

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19
Q

Define gingival margin.

A

The free gingiva that meets the tooth in a thin rounded edge (knife-like) that follows the contours of the teeth.

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20
Q

What demarcation is about .5-1.5mm from the margin and at the level of the bottom of the sulcus in health?

A

free gingival groove

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21
Q

What is the attached gingiva?

A

The part of the gingiva that is connected to the cementum on the cervical 1/3 of the root and to the periosteum of alveolar bone.

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22
Q

Where is the attached gingiva located?

A

Between the free gingiva and alveolar mucosa.

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23
Q

Where is the attached gingiva the widest?

A

Incisor and Molar Regions.

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24
Q

Where is the attached gingiva the narrowest?

A

Premolar regions

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25
Q

In health what percentage of the population has a stippled (orange peel) appearance to their attached gingiva?

A

40%

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26
Q

What causes the stippled look in attached gingiva?

A

Connective tissue fibers that attach the gingival tissue to the cementum and bone.

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27
Q

What is the function of attached gingiva?

A

Allows the tissue to withstand mechanical forces, speaking, toothbrushing. Prevents the free gingiva from being pulled away from the tooth when tension is applied.

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28
Q

The faint depression in the attached gingiva running vertically between the teeth, and represents evidence of the eminences of the roots of the teeth.

A

Interdental groove/fold

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29
Q

What is the interdental gingiva?

A

Papillary gingiva = area between two adjacent teeth apical to the contact area.

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30
Q

What portion of the interdental gingiva is not keratinized?

A

the col

31
Q

How are the lateral borders and the tip of the interdental gingiva formed?

A

Free gingiva from adjacent teeth.

32
Q

How is the center of interdental gingiva formed?

A

Attached gingiva

33
Q

When is the col not present?

A
  1. No adjacent tooth

2. Tissues are receded

34
Q

What is the function of interdental gingiva?

A

Prevents food from becoming impacted during mastication.

35
Q

What is the gingival sulcus?

A

The space between the free gingiva and the tooth surface.

36
Q

What is the gingival sulcus composed of?

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

37
Q

How is the base of the sulcus formed?

A

Junctional epithelium (specialized)

38
Q

Describe the shape of the gingival sulcus for anterior and posterior teeth.

A

Anterior: pointed, pyramid shaped
Posterior: flatter because of wider teeth, contacts, and flatter interdental bone

39
Q

What is histology?

A

A branch of anatomy concerned with the study of the microscopic structure of tissues.

40
Q

What is the smallest structural unit of living matter capable of functioning independently?

A

cells

41
Q

What is an extracellular matrix?

A

A mesh-like material that surrounds the cells.

42
Q

What is the extracellular matrix composed of?

A

Grounds Substance & Fibers

43
Q

What is the function of the extracellular matrix?

A

It holds cells and tissues together and provides a medium for cells to migrate and interact with one another.

44
Q

Which tissue (connective or epithelial) contains more of an extracellular matrix?

A

Connective Tissue

45
Q

What is ground substance?

A

Gel-like material that fills the space between cells.

46
Q

What are fibers?

A

Consist of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.

47
Q

Where is the basal lamina found?

A

Epithelial tissue

48
Q

What does the basal lamina (basement membrane) separate?

A

Epithelial sheets and the connective tissue.

49
Q

This tissue makes up the outer surface of the body and lines the body cavities such as the mouth, stomach, and intestines.

A

Epithelial tissue

50
Q

What is the skin and mucosa of the oral cavity composed of?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium with cells arranged in several layers.

51
Q

This type of epithelium has no nuclei, and form a tough, resistant layer on the surface of the skin (palms and soles of the feet). It can be found in attached gingiva, marginal gingiva, interdental papilla, and gingival crest.

A

Keratinized

52
Q

This type of epithelium has nuclei and act as a cushion against mechanical stresses. The cells are softer and more flexible. This type of epithelium can be found in the junctional epithelium, sulcular epithelium, col, alveolar mucosa.

A

Non-keratinized

53
Q

Which type of epithelium is is more susceptible to disease via the penetration of antigens from bacterial plaque?

A

Non-keratinized

54
Q

True or False; epithelium contains blood vessels.

A

False; epithelium is nourished by the underlying connective tissue.

55
Q

What are the four layers of keratinized gingival epithelium?

A

Stratum basal
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum cornium

56
Q

Which layer of keratinized gingival epithelium contains hemidesmosomes found in the basal lamina?

A

stratum basal

57
Q

Which layer of keratinized gingival epithelium is the deepest layer and is composed of columnar or cuboidal shaped cells?

A

Stratum basal

58
Q

Which layer of keratinized gingival epithelium is adjacent to the basal cell layer and is composed of polygonal shaped cells?

A

Stratum spinosum

59
Q

Which layer of keratinized gingival epithelium is adjacent to the spinous layer and composed of flattened cells containing keratohyaline granules.

A

Stratum granulosum

60
Q

Which layer is most superficial and contains cells that are flatter than those of the granular layer and have no nuclei or other organelles?

A

Stratum cornium

61
Q

What two gingival epithelium layers are not found in sulcular or junctional epithelium because they are non-keratinized?

A

Stratum granulosum and cornium

62
Q

What is the order of layers in non-keratinized tissue? (deepest to superficial)

A

Stratum Basal
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Intermedium
Stratum Superficial

63
Q

What is the turnover rate of oral epithelium?

A

10 to 12 days

64
Q

What is the turnover rate of junctional epithelium?

A

1 to 6 days

65
Q

What is the basal lamina (basement membrane)?

A

Semi-permeable membrane that lies below the basal cell layer and connects the epithelium to the connective tissue composed of two layers.

66
Q

What is the lamina densa?

A

Layer closest to the connective tissue and which contains filaments and granules (dense layer)

67
Q

What is the lamina lucida?

A

Clear or lucid layer closest to the epithelium.

68
Q

What are rete pegs?

A

Deep extensions of epithelium that reach down into the connective tissue.

69
Q

What is another name for rete pegs?

A

Epithelial ridges

70
Q

What two layers compose connective tissue?

A
  1. Papillary Layer

2. Reticular Layer

71
Q

What are two other names for connective tissue?

A
  1. lamina propria

2. corium

72
Q

Which layer of connective tissue is adjacent to epithelium; contains collagen fibers that are thin and loosely arranged.

A

Papillary Layer

73
Q

Which layer of connective tissue is adjacent to bone or mucosa; contains collagen fibers that are arranged in thick dense bundles?

A

Reticular layer

74
Q

What structures do not have a submucosa but attach directly to the periosteum of the underlying bone?

A

Gingival margins and palatine raphe of the hard palate.

Periodontology (2 decks)

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