Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards
a regional specialty involving medicine and surgery of the head and neck
otolaryngology-head and neck surgery
subspecialties include: otology, neurotology, rhinology, allergy, laryngology, bronchoesophagology, head and neck surgery and facial plastic and reconstructive surgery
um yep just read those just incase
consists of the auricle and external auditory canal
external ear
composed of skin and elastic cartilage, attached to the bed by the external auditory canal and several small muscles innervated by the facial nerve
auricle
cartilaginous in the lateral third and bony in the inner two-thirds
external auditory canal
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hair follicles
sebaceous glands
cerumen glands
provide potential pathways for the spread of tumor and infection from the canal into the parotid gland, small dehiscences in the anterior portion
Fissures of Santorini
the auricle and external auditory canal receive their arterial supply from __ and __
superficial temporal artery and posterior auricular branches of the external carotid artery
an air-containing space with bony walls except for the tympanic membrane laterally
middle ear
largest of the mastoid air cells
mastoid antrum
name the bones (ossicles) that conduct sound from the tympanic membrane to the oval window, which is located in a niche just posterior and superior to the promontory
malleus
incus
stapes
what is located within its own niche just inferior and anterior to the oval window
round window
which one of the ossicles is the largest?
malleus
which ossicles connects the tympanic membrane and the incus? its handle is embedded in the upper half of the tympanic membrane, and its head, slung from the roof of the middle ear and articulates with the body of the incus
malleus
the long process of the incus articulates with ___
head of the staples
the staples foot fits snugly in the __
oval window
a three layered structure composed of an external squamous epithelium, a middle fibrous layer and an inner mucosal layer
tympanic membrane
it has a conical configuration and is surrounded by a fibrous annulus - except in the flaccid superior area - that rests in a bony sulcus
tympanic membrane
the blood supply of the middle ear and mastoid is from __
branches of the internal maxillary artery
the nerve supply is through the tympanic plexis on the promontory, which contains branches of cranial nerves __
5, 7, 9, and 10
connects the middle ear space with the nasopharynx
eustachian tube
2/3s are cartilaginous and 1/3s is bony nearest the middle ear, it is lined with respiratory epithelium
eustachian tube
function of ___ is to provide air passage from nasopharynx to middle ear to equalize pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane
eustachian tube
tensor veli palantini muscle is innervated by ___ (CN)
CN 5
dysfunction of __ may result in negative pressure and accumulation of serous fluid in the middle ear space
eustachian tube
composed of the end organs of hearing (cochlea) and equilibrium (labyrinth)
inner ear
what are the cochlea and labyrinth contained in ___ within the temporal bone
otic capsule
the snail shaped cochlea makes ____ turns
two and one half
the __ is comprised of the vestibule, 3 semicircular canals and the vestibular aqueduct
bony labyrinth
resembles intracellular fluid in its electrolyte composition, is contained within a continuous closed system within the cochlea and membraneous labyrinth
endolymph
resembles extracellular fluid and CSF in its electrolyte composition, surrounds the endolymph containing membranes and does not communicate with the endolymph except under pathologic conditions
perilymph
which part of the membraneous cochlea that associated with oval window
scala vestibuli
which part of the membraneous cochlea that is associated with the round window
scala tympani
contains endolymph and is bordered by the basilar membrane on which lies the delicate organ of hearing and the thin reissner’s membrane
cochlear duct
thousands of ___ that project from the neuroepithelium, responsible for converting mechanical force into an electrochemical impulse interpreted as sound
hair cells
__ are spatially organized along the basilar membrane in a specific frequency-responsive distribution
hair cells
