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biology 1190 > Chapter 1-2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1-2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is anatomy and physiology?

A

Anatomy is the study of form, science of body structures and relationships between
Physiology is study of function, science of what something does.

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2
Q

6 levels of organization

A

Chemical Level, Cellular Level, Tissue Level, Organ, Level, Systems Level, Organism Level

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3
Q

Human body has how many organ systems?

A

11

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4
Q

what is an organ system

A

an association of organs that have a common function

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5
Q

Integumentary system

A

covers and protects the body from injury, infection, excess heat and water loss

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6
Q

skeletal system

A

supports the body, protects organs and provides framework for muscles

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7
Q

muscular system

A

moves the body, maintains posture, produces heat

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8
Q

cardiovascular system

A

transports nutrients, oxygen and wastes around the body

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9
Q

respiratory system

A

exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between body and environment

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10
Q

lymphatic system

A

protects body from pathogens, aids in transport

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11
Q

what characteristics distinguish living organisms with nonliving things

A

metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reporduction

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12
Q

what is metabolism

A

the total of all chemical reactions that occur in the body. involves catabolism(breaking down) and anabolism(building)

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13
Q

responsiveness

A

ability to detect and respond to external and internal stimuli

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14
Q

movement

A

move in response to goals either at whole-body level, organ level, cellular level or organelle level

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15
Q

growth

A

increase in size due to cell size or # of cells

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16
Q

differentiation

A

change from unspecialized cells to specialized state

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17
Q

reproduction

A

life giving rise to life, at cellular and organism level

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18
Q

what is homeostasis

A

active maintenance of equilibrium or relatively stable internal conditions, despite fluctuation of external environment

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19
Q

homeostasis is regulated by?

A

nervous system and endocrine system. detect stimuli and trigger actions that counteract change.

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20
Q

what is the difference between nerve impulses and hormones

A

hormones are secreted by endocrine system, nerve impulses sent by nervous system. nerve impulses cause rapid change, hormones slow

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21
Q

what are the components of feedback systems

A

Receptor, control center, effector

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22
Q

negative feedback

A

reverses original stimulus. response counteracts stimulus

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23
Q

positive feedback

A

enhances original stimulus. makes something happen more

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24
Q

what is anatomical position

A

a standardized method of observing or imaging the body that allows precise and consistent anatomical references

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25
Q

When in anatomical position, subject is

A

standing upright, facing observer head level, eyes forward, feet flat, arms at side, palms turned fwd, thumbs up

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26
Q

what is prone position

A

subject is lying face down

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27
Q

what is supine position

A

subject is lying face up

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28
Q

Anatomical term for the head

A

cephalic

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29
Q

anatomical term for the neck

A

cervical

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30
Q

anatomical term for chest

A

thoracic

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31
Q

anatomical term for the armpit

A

auxillary

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32
Q

anatomical term for arm

A

brachial

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33
Q

anatomical term for front elbow

A

antecubital

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34
Q

anatomical term for forearm

A

antebrachial

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35
Q

anatomical term for abdomen

A

abdominal

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36
Q

anatomical term for wrist

A

carpal

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37
Q

anatomical term for finger/toes

A

digital

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38
Q

anatomical term for thigh

A

femoral

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39
Q

anatomical term for leg

A

crural

40
Q

anatomical term for foot

A

pedal

41
Q

anatomical term for temple

A

temporal

42
Q

anatomical term for forehead

A

frontal

43
Q

anatomical term for eye

A

orbital or ocular

44
Q

anatomical term for ear

A

auricle

45
Q

anatomical term for cheek

A

buccal

46
Q

anatomical term for nose

A

nasal

47
Q

anatomical term for mouth

A

oral

48
Q

anatomical term for chin

A

mental

49
Q

anatomical term for breastbone

A

sternal

50
Q

anatomical term for breast

A

mammary

51
Q

anatomical term for naval(belly button)

A

umbilical

52
Q

anatomical term for hip

A

coxal

53
Q

anatomical term for groin

A

inguinal

54
Q

anatomical term for pelvis

A

pelvic

55
Q

anatomical term for hand

A

manual

56
Q

anatomical term for thumb

A

pollex

57
Q

anatomical term for base of skull

A

occipital

58
Q

anatomical term for shoulder blade

A

scapular

59
Q

anatomical term for spinal column

A

vertebral

60
Q

anatomical term for back

A

dorsal

61
Q

anatomical term for back of elbow

A

cubital

62
Q

anatomical term for ankle

A

tarsal

63
Q

anatomical term for between hips

A

sacral

64
Q

anatomical term for buttocks

A

gluteal

65
Q

anatomical term for anus

A

perineal

66
Q

anatomical term for behind knee

A

popliteal

67
Q

anatomical term for calf

A

sural

68
Q

anatomical term for sole

A

plantar

69
Q

anatomical term for heel

A

calcaneal

70
Q

superior means?

A

toward head

71
Q

inferior means?

A

away from head

72
Q

anterior means?

A

in front of

73
Q

posterior means?

A

behind

74
Q

medial means?

A

nearer to midline

75
Q

lateral means?

A

away from midline

76
Q

proximal means?

A

closer to trunk

77
Q

distal means?

A

away from trunk

78
Q

intermediate means?

A

between two stuctures

79
Q

ipsilateral means?

A

on the same side

80
Q

contralateral means?

A

on opposite side

81
Q

superficial means?

A

closer to surface of body

82
Q

deep means?

A

away from surface of body

83
Q

sagittal planes divide the body into what?

A

left and right, passes through midline

84
Q

parasagittal planes divide body into what?

A

left and right, but do not pass through midline

85
Q

coronal planes divide body into what?

A

front and back

86
Q

transverse planes divide body into?

A

superior and inferior

87
Q

oblique planes divide body at

A

any other angle

88
Q

Cranial cavity is

A

formed by cranial bones and contains brain

89
Q

vertebral canal is?

A

formed by vertebral column and contains spinal cord and spinal nerves

90
Q

thoracic cavity

A

chest cavity; contains pleural cavity, pericardial cavity and mediastinum

91
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between pleura layers that cover lungs

92
Q

pericardial cavity

A

space between pericardium that covers heart

93
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

made up of abdominal and pelvic cavity

94
Q

abdominal vacity

A

contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small and large intestine

95
Q

pelvic cavity

A

contains urinary bladder, large intestine and reproductive organs

96
Q

serous membranes

A

thin membranes made up of 2 layers.

biology 1190 (1 decks)

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