Chapter 1-2 Flashcards
What is anatomy and physiology?
Anatomy is the study of form, science of body structures and relationships between
Physiology is study of function, science of what something does.
6 levels of organization
Chemical Level, Cellular Level, Tissue Level, Organ, Level, Systems Level, Organism Level
Human body has how many organ systems?
11
what is an organ system
an association of organs that have a common function
Integumentary system
covers and protects the body from injury, infection, excess heat and water loss
skeletal system
supports the body, protects organs and provides framework for muscles
muscular system
moves the body, maintains posture, produces heat
cardiovascular system
transports nutrients, oxygen and wastes around the body
respiratory system
exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between body and environment
lymphatic system
protects body from pathogens, aids in transport
what characteristics distinguish living organisms with nonliving things
metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reporduction
what is metabolism
the total of all chemical reactions that occur in the body. involves catabolism(breaking down) and anabolism(building)
responsiveness
ability to detect and respond to external and internal stimuli
movement
move in response to goals either at whole-body level, organ level, cellular level or organelle level
growth
increase in size due to cell size or # of cells
differentiation
change from unspecialized cells to specialized state
reproduction
life giving rise to life, at cellular and organism level
what is homeostasis
active maintenance of equilibrium or relatively stable internal conditions, despite fluctuation of external environment
homeostasis is regulated by?
nervous system and endocrine system. detect stimuli and trigger actions that counteract change.
what is the difference between nerve impulses and hormones
hormones are secreted by endocrine system, nerve impulses sent by nervous system. nerve impulses cause rapid change, hormones slow
what are the components of feedback systems
Receptor, control center, effector
negative feedback
reverses original stimulus. response counteracts stimulus
positive feedback
enhances original stimulus. makes something happen more
what is anatomical position
a standardized method of observing or imaging the body that allows precise and consistent anatomical references
