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BIOLOGY (Evolution) > Chapter 1&2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1&2 Flashcards

1
Q

WHO IS Carolus Linnaeus

A

Father of taxonomy

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2
Q

Early naturalist classified life’s _____

A

Diversity

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3
Q

Who is Charles Darwin

A

a naturalist .

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4
Q

What was trained to become?

A

Clergy Man

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5
Q

Where was Charles Darwin invited to serve as a naturalist ?

A

HMS Beagle

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6
Q

What is the voyage of the beagle ?

A

Voyage of the beagle is the voyage that Charles Darwin went on .

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7
Q

What did Charles Darwin collect?

A

collect fossils and living organism

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8
Q

what did Charles Lyell study ?

A

He studies geology , reading principles of geology

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9
Q

Who made principle of geology ?

A

Charles Lyell

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10
Q

What is uniformitarianism ?

A

Observable natural processes seen now are also responsible for events in the past

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11
Q

when did Malthus publish principle of population ?

A

1798

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12
Q

What book did Malthus publish?

A

principles of populations

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13
Q

What was the beagle called ?

A

Rhea Darwinii

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14
Q

Observed convinced Darwin that life_____

A

evolved

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15
Q

What did Alfred Russel Wallace propose ?

A
  • Common ancestry

* Natural selection

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16
Q

Where did Darwin and Wallace present at?

A

Linnean Society

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17
Q

When did Darwin and Wallace present ?

A

1858

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18
Q

When was Darwin’s book published ?

A

His book was published in 1859

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19
Q

All species share ______

A

Common Ancestry

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20
Q

Changes occur through ________

A

Natural Selection

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21
Q

Common descent makes sense of _____

A

Puzziling Patterns in nature

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22
Q

what is a homologous trait ?

A

Similar because of inheritance from common ancestor

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23
Q

Common descent makes sense of _____in nature

A

Puzzling Patterns

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24
Q

What is the significance of shark & human

A

Adult sharks cardiovascular system is similar to that of a human embryo

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25
Q

What is adaptations ?/

A

traits that have evolved by natural selection

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26
Q

which inference is inspired by Malthus

A

Inference 1

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27
Q

What is inference 1 ?

A

Inference 1 is that the population can only support a # of individuals based on the available resources .

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28
Q

What book did Malthus publish?

A

Essay on the principle of population

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29
Q

When did Malthus publish principles of population ?

A

1798

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30
Q

When did Charles Lyell publish principles of geology

A

1830

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31
Q

What did Charles Lyell publish ?

A

Principles of geology

32
Q

Who is Charles Lyell ?

A

Popularized the idea that earth changes gradually

33
Q

Comparison between embryos reveal _____ not evident in adults

A

homologies

34
Q

What did Thomas malthus believed

A

Human population size limited by resources

35
Q

What did Charles Darwin propose ?

A

natural selection as a mechanism that explains evolution

36
Q

Who is Alfred Wallace

A

Formulated the idea of natural selection

37
Q

Natural selection and ______ selection are powerful forces in natural pop

A

sexual

38
Q

What is genetic drift ?

A

Random Changes to the gene pool from chance

39
Q

Evolution explains the ______ of life

A

diversity

40
Q

What is biological evolution ?

A

Any change in inherited traits that occurs from one generation to the next

41
Q

whales mammals __________

A

gone to sea

42
Q

what is viruses ?

A

Deadly escape artists

43
Q

whales share _____ with mammals

A

synapomorphies

44
Q

what are synapomorphies

A

homologous trait

45
Q

What synapomorphies does whales have with mammals

A

mammary glands
three middle ear bones
hair

46
Q

similarities with fish arose through

A

Convergent evolution

47
Q

Fossil whales share _____ traits with _____

A

Homologous traits, Modern Cetaceans

48
Q

What homologous traits did whales share with cetaceans

A

Teeth
middle ear
involcrum

49
Q

what are even toed ungulates?

A

Artiodactyls

50
Q

Shape of astragalus connects transitional form with ______

A

Artiodactlys

51
Q

What are artiodactyls

A

Hoofed toed land animals

52
Q

What are astragalus

A

ankle bone

53
Q

Fossil sequence documents transition from _______ to _______

A

land to water

54
Q

What showed evidence of transition from land to water ?

A

isotope analysis of fossil teeth

fossil analysis of hind limb loss

55
Q

What is an isotope ?

A

two or more species of atoms of a chemical elements with the same atomic number but differing atomic mass

56
Q

any of two or more species of atoms of a chemical element __________but _________
or mass number

A

same atomic number, differing atomic mass

57
Q

Terrestrial animals drink ________

A

fresh water

58
Q

Marine animals drink _______

A

salt water

59
Q

0^18/O^16 ratio is __________

A

ratio higher in salt water

60
Q

Fossils document _______ loss

A

Fossils document hindlimb loss

61
Q

changes in gene expression led to loss of _______

A

Functional hindlimb

62
Q

Baleen whales are ______

A

teethless

63
Q

Historical diversity tracks ______

A

changes in food web

64
Q

what is h7n9?

A

Influenza virus

65
Q

replication of __________ results in mutation

A

genetic material

66
Q

Mutations can be ___,_____,____

A

beneficial, harmful , or neutral

67
Q

Viral strains with ______ mutations increase in frequency through _______

A

Beneficial , Natural Selection

68
Q

How are the viruses beneficial ?

A
  • Viral strain no longer recognized by immune system
  • Leads to higher reproduction
  • dOMINATES POPULATION
69
Q

_________- CREATES DIVERSITY

A

Natural selection

70
Q

viral________ allows flu to infect new hosts

A

reassortment

71
Q

Genes of H7N9 derived from ______ different bird strains

A

four

72
Q

what four birds did h7n9 come from

A

wild duck, wild bird, chicken,

73
Q

When new strains become. by humans, results can be devastating

A

transmissible

74
Q

Natural selection favors

that evade the

A

flu variants ; immune system

75
Q

can result in a strain that is both

and infectious

A

reassortment ; deadly ; highly

BIOLOGY (Evolution) (1 decks)

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