Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards
What is Sociology
the systematic study of human society
Society
group of people that share specific geographic area
micro interaction
small, personal
macro interaction
larger groups, individual interacting with large group
culture
groups shared practices, values, beliefs
Sociological Imagination
C. Wright Mills
connection between individuals and larger social forces
Social facts
laws, morals, beliefs, fashions, rituals: govern social life
Comte
founder of sociology
positivism
Martineau
first woman sociologist
Marx
Communist Manifesto
marxism, capitalism
Spencer
government allowing market force to control capitalism
Durkheim
study of “social facts”
suicide
Mead
how mind and self were developed as result of social processes
Weber
verstehen: understand in a deep way
antipositivism: researchers strive for subjectivity
quantitative sociology
statistical methods for surveys (like with large numbers of participants)
qualitative sociology
understand human behavior by interviews, focus groups, content sources (magazine, newspaper, etc)
Burghardt
first African American to graduate Harvard
pioneer several methodologies
social solidarity
social ties within a group
paradigm
philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them.
structural functionalsim
The way each part of society functions together to contribute to the whole
conflict theory
The way inequalities contribute to social differences and perpetuate differences in power: competition for resources
Symbolic Interactionism Theory
One-to-one interactions and communications
Functionalism
sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of the individuals in that society.
social institutions,
patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs, such as government, education, family, healthcare, religion, and the economy.
dysfunctions
Social processes that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society
Manifest functions
consequences of a social process that are sought or anticipated, while latent functions are the unsought consequences of a social process.
latent functions
unsought consequences of a social process.
empirical evidence
evidence that comes from direct experience, scientifically gathered data, or experimentation.
meta-analysis
technique in which the results of virtually all previous studies on a specific subject are evaluated together.
hypothesis
testable educated guess
Scientific method (list steps)
Ask, Research, Hypothesis, Design Study, Conclusions, report results
independent variables
the cause of the change.
dependent variables
the effect, or thing that is changed.
survey
collects data from subjects who respond to a series of questions about behaviors and opinions, often in the form of a questionnaire.
population
people who are the focus of a study,
sample:
a manageable number of subjects who represent a larger population.
Field research
to gathering primary data from a natural environment without doing a lab experiment or a survey.
Ethnography
the extended observation of the social perspective and cultural values of an entire social setting.
case study
in-depth analysis of a single event, situation, or individual.
secondary data analysis
the already completed work of other researchers.
value neutrality
a practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment, during the course of a study and in publishing results
