Chapter 1, 2, & 10 Flashcards
stage 1: pestilence & famine
main cause of death is disease
Gall-peters projection (equal area projection)
cylindrical; size is accurate, shape is not
good for comparing area sizes
foreign direct investment
investment made to another country by a foreign company
most go to developed countries
isoline
connects with lines all places that have a particular value
arithmetic density
total people divided by total land area
3 main techniques of map projection
cylindrical, conical, & azimuthal
economic structures: tertiary
provision of services
phsiological density
total people divided by total arable land
HDI measures…
standard of living, health & education
UN measures health based on…
life expectancy at birth
doubling time
# of years needed to double the population rule of 70 (70/% growth rate)
natural increase rate
% by which a population grows in a year
20(CBR) - 10(CDR) = 15/10 = 1.5% NIR
mixed crop & livestock farming
most crops fed to animals (corn)
purchasing power parity (PPP)
cost of living adjustment to account for differences among countries in the cost of goods
crude birth rate
total # of ppl born in a year for every 1000 p
crude death rate
total# of deaths in a year for every 1000 p
mercator map
shape is accurate, size is not
top & bottom are stretched out, center squished together
good for navigation
demographic transition
explains the change in population growth rates over time
food security
access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs for an active and healthy lifestyle
3 main features of distribution
density, concentration (clustered or dispersed), pattern
economic structures: secondary
manufacturing
dot distribution
depicts data as points & shows how these points are clustered together or spread out
plantation agriculture
commercial farm specializing in one or two crops
usually developing countries, but owned by companies/people in developed
coffee, rubber, cocoa, etc.
Winkel projection
attempt to minimize distortion in shape & size
good for education, text books, etc
pastoral nomadism
herding of domesticated animals
agricultural density
ratio of farmers to amount of arable land
economic structures: primary
extraction activities
distribution
arrangment of a feature in space
Meridian
east to west of prime meridian long
0-180
shifting cultivation
grow crops on area for few years until soil nutrients are depleted, then leave it fallow for many years so soil can recover
slash and burn; usually tropical regions
threats to food security (6
- population growth
- global food trade
- food prices
- loss of ag land
- overfishing
- inadequate distribution
stage 4: delayed degenerative disease & lifestyle disease
low but increasing CDR; life expectancy extended
parallels
north to south of equator
lat
1-90
graduated symbol
displays symbols that change in size according to a certain value
cartogram
size of an area is proportional to the value of a particular variable
stage 2: receding pandemic
declining CDR because of the reduction of the spread of disease
chloropleth
recognizable areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measure
gross national income (GNI)
value of the output of goods and services produced in a country anually, plus income from abroad
5 stages of demographic transitions (health)
- pestilence and famine
- receding pandemic
- degenerative disease
- delayed degenerative disease & lifestyle disease
- re-emergence of infectious & parasitic disease
stage 3: degenerative disease
decrease in death/disease
increase in chronic disease associated with aging
total fertility rate
average # of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years
infant mortality rate (IMR)
average # of infant deaths per year, x/1000
subsistence farming
enough food for survival small plots of land high agricultural density most work done by hand or animal virtually all available land used for production
Good homolosine
separates hemisphers into pieces
prominence to land features
stage 5: re-emergence of infectious & parasitic disease
increasing CDR; antibiotic resistant
4 categories of HDI
very high developed, high developing, medium developing, low developingf
Criticism of HDI is that it doesn’t account for:
equality, env. impact, freedom/human rights, political instability
