Chapter 1

Question 0

Mental Process

Answer 0

Known as cognitive activities,

Activities within your brain (dreams/thoughts)

Question 1

Behavior

Answer 1

An action that other people can observe or measure (smiling)

Question 2

Social Science

Answer 2

Deal with the structure of human society and the nature of the people who comprise society (history/politics)

Question 3

Natural Science

Answer 3

Deal with the nature of the physical world and utilize scientific research to answer questions (biology/chemistry)

Question 4

Purpose of Psychology

Answer 4

Scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Question 5

Goals and characteristics of psychology

Answer 5

G- to describe, explain, predict, and influence human and animal behavior

C- systematic method of asking and answering questions about why people think, act, and feel as they do

Question 6

Goals and characteristics of sociology

Answer 6

G- to examine interactions of humans society and their parts as well as social disorders

C- derive knowledge from experiment and observation, using mathematical tools borrowed from statistics

Question 7

Goals and characteristics of anthropology

Answer 7

G- To explain human culture

C- relies on collection analysis and explanation of dated from research in the field

Question 8

5 Goals of Psychology

Answer 8

1. Observe behavior -> hypothesis
2. Describe behavior and mental processes
3. Explain why the behavior and mental processes occur-> theory
4. Predict future behavior
5. Control/change behavior and mental processes

1-3=research psyc
4-5= applied psyc

Question 9

How is psychology both a social and natural science?

Answer 9

Social- structure of human society

Natural- nature of physical world

Question 10

Socrates

Answer 10

No real philosophy until the mind begins to question itself. Developed a questioning style

Question 11

Hippocrates

Answer 11

“Father of medicine”
Developed new method of inquiry involving careful observation and facts
“Do no harm”

Question 12

Plato

Answer 12

Believed knowledge was in you, you just have to ask the right questions

Question 13

Aristotle

Answer 13

All knowledge comes from the senses and experience.
The 2 laws of learning:
Contiguity (if 2 things are touching in space and time, one will bring the other to the mind
Similarity/contrast (if 2 things are similar one will bring the other to the mind etc)

Question 14

Descartes

Answer 14

Suggested that there is a line between mind and body, practiced systematic mediation

Question 15

Founder of structuralism

Answer 15

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 16

Main ideas and problems of structuralism

Answer 16

Consciousness-> introspection
Break things down into most basic elements
Experience> important with a concept (no experience=can’t break down)
The mind was passive (break complex into simple thoughts)
Each thought was the sum of other thoughts
problems:
Which was the right concept
No reliability

Question 17

Founder of Functionalism

Answer 17

William James

Question 18

Main ideas of functionalism

Answer 18

Proposed mental life is a unity that flows and changes
Concerned with how the mind works
Oppose structuralism

Question 19

Stream of consciousness (functionalism)

Answer 19

Personal consciousness
Personal consciousness is changing (transitive)
Continuity of thought
Selectivity

Question 20

Founders of Gestalt

Answer 20

Wolfgang Kohler
Kurt Koffka
Max Wertheimer

Question 21

Main ideas of Gestalt

Answer 21

The whole is greater than the parts
Gestalt- shape or form (German)
Disagreed w/ structuralist (+later behaviorists) about how complex thoughts could be broken down
Element of meaning is left out when only looking at parts
Learning is active and purposeful

Question 22

Clinical

Answer 22

Asses and treat people

Question 23

Counseling

Answer 23

Advise on problems to improve people

Question 24

School

Answer 24

Work with children

Question 25

Educational

Answer 25

Similar to school except focus on course planning and methods

Question 26

Developmental

Answer 26

Study things that take place throughout life (physical changes)

Question 27

Personality

Answer 27

Characteristics traits and development

Question 28

Social

Answer 28

Examine people’s interactions with either and the environment

Question 29

Experimental/research

Answer 29

Study behavior of humans and animals

Question 30

Industry/ orgabizational

Answer 30

Apply psychological principals to improve quality of work life

Question 31

Environmental

Answer 31

Analyze how people influence and are influenced by physical environment

Question 32

Forensic

Answer 32

Legal/crime justice system to help judges/ attorneys