Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are the six Kingdoms of living things?
Archaea
Bacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
What are the five properties shared by all living things?
Cellular Organization
Metabolism
Homeostasis
Growth and Reproduction
Heredity
What are the five biological themes shared by all living things?
Evolution
The flow of Energy
Cooperation
Structure determines Function
Homeostasis
What are the levels of hierarchical organization of the living world?
Atom
Molecule
Macromolecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
Population
Species
Community
Ecosystem
What is the difference between Deductive reasoning and Inductive reasoning?
Deductive reasoning uses an accepted general principle to explain specific observations while Inductive reasoning is to make a formation of a general principle, by careful examination of a specific case.
What is an Emergent property?
Novel properties in the hierarchy of life that were not present at the simpler levels of organization.
What is an Atom?
The fundamental elements of matter
What is a Molecule?
When Atoms are joined together into complex clusters.
What are Macromolecules?
Large complex molecules, DNA which stores the hereditary information in all living organisms.
What is an Organelle
Complex biological molecules are assembled into tiny compartments within cells within which cellular activities are organized. The nucleus is an organelle within which the cells DNA is stored.
What is a cell?
Organelles and other elements are assembled in the membrane bounded units. Cells are the smallest level of organization that can be considered alive.
What is Tissue?
Groups of similar cells that act as a functional unit. Nerve tissue is one kind of tissue composed of cells called neurons that are specialized to carry electrical signals from one place to another in the body.
What are Organs?
Body Structures composed of several different tissues, grouped together in a structural and functional unit. Your brain is an organ.
What is an Organ System?
The nervous system, for example, consists of sensory organs, the brain and spinal cord, neurons that convey signals to and from them, and supporting cells.
What is an Organism?
Separate organ systems function together to form an organism
What is the Populational level?
A group of organisms of the same species living in the same place. I.E. a flock of geese
What is a Species?
All the populations of a particular kind of organism. Its members similar in appearance, and able to interbreed.
What is a Community?
A Community consists of all the populations of different species living together in one place.
What is an Ecosystem?
The highest tier of biological organization, a community, and the soil and water within which it lives together, constitute an ecological system
What does the first Hierarchical level consist of?
Atoms
Molecules
Macromolecules
Organelles
Cells
What does the Second Hierarchical level called and made of?
Organismal level
Made of
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organisms
What is the Third Hierarchical level called and made of?
Populational level
Made of
Population
Species
Community
Ecosystems
Why is the use of the control subjects necessary in experimentation?
To provide a baseline for comparison allowing researchers to determine whether the observed effects in the experimental group are due to the changed variable.
What are the 4 core ideas/theories of biology?
The Cell theory: organization of life
The Gene theory: molecular basis of inheritance
The theory of Heredity: unity of life
The theory of Evolution: diversity of life
Who discovered the cell theory and when?
Robert Hooke in England 1665
Who discovered the Gene theory and when?
DNA was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953
Who discovered the heredity theroy and when?
Gregor Mendel in 1865
Who discovered the evolution theory and when?
Charles Darwin in 1859
What are the three Domains?
Bacteria
Achaea
Eukarya
What is Natural Selection?
The differential reproduction of genotypes caused by factors in the environment.
What is Ozone?
O3 a form of oxygen gas
