Chapter 1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The science of body structures and the relationship among them

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Science of body function- how the parts work

Question 3

Chemical level

Answer 3

Letters of the alphabet
Includes atoms, the smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions

Question 4

Cellular level

Answer 4

Include cells, the basic structural and functional units of an organism that are composed of chemicals

Question 5

Tissue level

Answer 5

Groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to form a particular function

Question 6

Types of tissue

Answer 6

1. Epithelial
2. Connective tissue
3. Muscular tissue
4. Nervous tissue

Question 7

Organ level

Answer 7

Structure that are composed of two or more different types of tissues, have specific function and recognizable shapes

Question 8

System level

Answer 8

Consists of related organs with a common function

Question 9

Organismal level

Answer 9

All the parts of the human body functioning together constitute the total organism

Question 10

Metabolism

Answer 10

Sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body
1. Catabolism
2. Anabolism

Question 11

Catabolism

Answer 11

Breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components

Question 12

Anabolism

Answer 12

Building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components

Question 13

Responsiveness

Answer 13

Body’s ability to detect and respond to changes

Question 14

Movement

Answer 14

Motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and even tiny structures inside cells

Question 15

Growth

Answer 15

Increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells, an increase in the number of cells, or both

Question 16

Differentiation

Answer 16

Development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state

Question 17

Reproduction

Answer 17

Either (1) the formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, or replacement
(2) the production of a new individual

Question 18

Homeostasis

Answer 18

The maintenance of relatively stable conditions in the body internal environment.

Question 19

Intracellular Fluid

Answer 19

fluid within the cell

Question 20

Extracellular fluid

Answer 20

fluid outside body cells

Question 20

Interstitial Fluid

Answer 20

fills the narrow spaces between cells

Question 20

Blood plasma

Answer 20

ECF within blood vessels

Question 21

Homeostasis maintained by

Answer 21

Nervous and Endocrine system

Question 22

Receptor

Answer 22

body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends inputs to a control center

Question 23

Afferent pathway

Answer 23

information flows towards control center

Question 24

Efferent pathway

Answer 24

information flows away from control center

Question 25

Effector

Answer 25

a body structure that receives output from the control center and produces a response

Question 26

Negative Feedback System

Answer 26

reverses a change in a controlled condition

Question 27

Positive Feedback System

Answer 27

strengthens or reinforces a change in one of the body's controlled conditions. Eg. childbirth or blood loss

Question 28

Cranial Cavity

Answer 28

Formed by cranial bones, contains brain

Question 29

Vertebral Canal

Answer 29

Formed by vertebral column and contains spinal cord and the beginnings of spinal nerves

Question 30

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 30

Chest cavity, contains pleural and pericardial cavities, and the mediastinum

Question 31

Pleural Cavity

Answer 31

A potential space between the layers of the pleura that surrounds a lung

Question 32

Pericardial Cavity

Answer 32

A potential space between the layers of the pericardium that surrounds the heart

Question 33

Mediastinum

Answer 33

Central portion of the thoracic cavity between the lungs, etends from sternum to vertebral column and from first rib to diaphragm. Contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels

Question 34

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Answer 34

Subdivided into abdominal and pelvic cavities

Question 35

Abdominal Cavity

Answer 35

Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, most of large intestine, the serous membrane, of the abdominal cavity is the peritoneum

Question 36

Pelvic Cavity

Answer 36

Contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, and internal organs of reproduction

Question 37

Viscera

Answer 37

Organs inside the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Question 38

Serous membrane

Answer 38

a double layered membrane associated with body cavities that does not open directly to the eterior

Question 39

Parietal Layer

Answer 39

thin epithelium that lines the walls of the cavities

Question 40

Visceral Layer

Answer 40

a thin epithelium that covers and adheres to the viscera within the cavities

Question 41

Serous Fluid

Answer 41

Fluid between the parietal and visceral layer

Question 42

Pleura

Answer 42

serous membrane of the pleural cavities. Visceral (surface of lungs)