Chapter 1 Flashcards
Intro
What does a person’s gender identity refer to?
A person’s psychological sense of being male or female.
What is the difference between sex and gender?
Sex refers to biological categories (female and male), while gender refers to social categories (male and female) influenced by societal norms.
How is sex defined?
By genes, chromosomes, and hormones.
Is culture influential in determining a person’s sex?
No, culture has no influence on one’s sex.
What is a key feature of the male sex category?
The Y chromosome.
What is the definition of gender role?
Expectations that go along with being male versus female.
What are typical expectations associated with the male gender role?
- Strong
- Independent
- Competitive
- Keep emotions hidden
What traits are typically associated with the female gender role?
- Caring
- Emotionally expressive
- Polite
- Helpful
What is intrarole conflict?
Conflict between expectations within a given role.
What is interrole conflict?
Conflict between the expectations of different roles.
What consequences may arise from violating gender role norms?
Consequences can be minor or severe, depending on the norm’s centrality and the situation.
What is the term used for people who live with a gender identity that does not correspond to their biological sex?
Transgendered individuals.
What distinguishes transsexuals from transgendered individuals?
Transsexuals undergo hormonal or surgical treatment to change their sex to match their gender identity.
What are intersex persons?
Individuals born with ambiguous genitals.
What is Gender Identity Disorder?
A classification of psychopathology for those uncomfortable with their assigned biological sex.
How does sex typing differ from gender typing?
Sex typing refers to adhering to assigned gender roles, while gender typing is a more accurate term for the same process.
What is a gender-role attitude?
Personal beliefs about how women and men should behave.
What defines a traditional gender-role attitude?
Believing women should be nurturing and men should be assertive.
What is sexism?
Prejudice toward people based on their sex.
What is a sex stereotype?
Beliefs about the characteristics of biological or psychological categories of male and female.
What is sex discrimination?
Differential treatment of people based on their biological sex.
What is feminism at its most fundamental level?
The belief that women and men should be treated equally.
What percentage of college women endorsed some goals of feminism according to Liss, Crawford, & Popp (2004)?
Three-fourths.
What is a defining feature of feminism?
A high regard for women.
What percentage of ninth and tenth graders endorsed feminism?
Three-fourths
Referenced study by Manago, Brown, & Leaper (2009)
What did younger students confuse feminism with?
Femininity
This confusion highlights a misunderstanding of feminist principles.
What was the prevailing theme when students were asked to define feminism?
Equality for women
This theme was especially noted among older students.
List other themes associated with feminism mentioned by students.
- Female empowerment
- Celebrating women
- Encouraging women’s aspirations
What misconception do some students have about feminists?
Feminists favor women and do not like men
This misconception is not a defining characteristic of feminism.
What is a defining feature of feminism?
A high regard for women
Most people agree that women should be valued.
Why are people reluctant to identify as feminists despite positive attitudes toward women?
Feminism has negative connotations
This includes perceptions of feminists hating men.
What controversial belief is often associated with feminism?
Society needs to make changes for equality to occur
This belief can include an impetus for activism.
What forms can activism take in the context of feminism?
- Volunteering at a women’s shelter
- Participating in a pro-choice rally
What do the majority of college women believe regarding community effort and personal achievements?
Community effort is needed to promote equality for women, but their own achievements depend on themselves.
What is the ‘denial of disadvantage’?
The idea that most women perceive that other women suffer from discrimination but that they have not been victims of discrimination
Referenced concept by Crosby (1984).
What is the central feature of feminism according to the text?
Belief in gender equality
Activism is also an important feature for some individuals.
