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Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a network?

A

A collection of devices, routers and links that are managed by an organisation

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2
Q

What is a Host (networking)

A

any computer, device or system that is connected to the internet and can communicate with other devices. Examples include computers or web servers such as Google

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3
Q

What are some type of API protocols

A

HTTP(Web)
Email
Zoom
Microsoft Teams
TCP (Transmission Control protocol)
IP (internet protocol)

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4
Q

What is API

A

AlP also known as Application Programming Interface is a set of rules that allow software applications to communicate with each other

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5
Q

What is TCP

A

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a protocol that ensures reliable and ordered delivery of data during transmission between devices on a network.

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6
Q

What is IP

A

A system where devices on a network communicate with each other using the IP protocol to route and address data packets. It does this by assigning unique IP addresses to each device and defining how the data gets packaged and sent to its destination.

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7
Q

What are the types of Internet Standards

A

IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)

RFC (Request For Comments)

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8
Q

What is IETF

A

IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) is an international organization that defines the standard operating procedures for internet protocols such as TCP and IP protocols.

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9
Q

What is RFC

A

RFC (Request for Comments) is a formal document published by the IETF that describes the specifications for a recommended technology.

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10
Q

Types of Access networks/Physical media

A

Wired Communication links/ Guided Media

Wireless Communication links/ Unguided Media

Physical Link

Bit

Twisted pair

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11
Q

What is Physical Link

A

the tangible connection between the transmitter and receiver

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12
Q

What is Bit (Physical Media)

A

refers to the physical medium such as a Copper wire or Fiber Optic Cable used to transmit individual bits of data (Binary digits 0s and 1s) in a network

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13
Q

What is Twisted Pair

A

Twisted Pair (TP): two insulated wires wrapped around each other to protect the signal. Two types of categories of Twisted pair are Cat 5(100 Mbps) and Cat 6 (10Gbps)

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14
Q

What is the difference between B and b

A

B means Bytes and b means bits

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15
Q

What are the types of networks

A

Home network

Enterprise Network

Mobile Network

Residential Access Network

Core Network

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16
Q

What is a Home Network

A

A Home network is a Local Area Network (LAN) that operates within a home to connect a group of devices to the internet and to each other

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17
Q

What is an Enterprise Network

A

It is a network of devices, applications and services that support a large organisation

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18
Q

What is a Mobile Network

A

Also known as a Cellular network, it is a wireless communication system that allows mobile devices to connect to the internet.

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19
Q

What is a Residential Access Network

A

It’s a physical network infrastructure that connects individual homes and residences to a broader internet service provider (ISP)

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20
Q

What is a ISP Core Network

A

it is the central part of an Internet Service Provider’s network infrastructure, responsible for routing internet traffic between their customer networks and the broader internet backbone

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21
Q

What is a DSL

A

DSL short for Digital Subscriber Line is a type of internet connection that uses existing phone lines to transmit data

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22
Q

What is HFC

A

Hybrid fiber coax (HFC) is a broadband network that combines fiber optic cables and coaxial cables

23
Q

What is a NBN

A

National Broadband Network (NBN) is a government funded project to provide Australian homes and businesses with fast and reliable internet

24
Q

What are some characteristics of Wireless Radio commmunications

A

Signals are carried in an electromagnetic spectrum

There are no physical wires

It is broadcast using a half-duplex (sender to receiver)

Propagation environmental effects

25
What are Propagation environmental effects
Reflection Obstruction by objects interference
26
What are some type of radio links
Wireless LAN (WiFi) Wide-Area Terrestrial microwave Satellite
27
What is a LAN
Local Area Network (LAN) is a network of devices connected within a limited area e.g Home or office networks
28
What is a WAN
Wide Area network (WAN) is a network of devices connected within a large area e.g the Internet
29
What is Packet Switching
It is the process of breaking data into packets that contain a header with information such as the sender and receiver addresses, before being sent individually across the network using multiple paths to arrive at the destination.
30
What is Transmission delay
The time taken to push the packet's bits onto the link
31
What is the formula for Transmission Delay
L(B)/R(bps) L is the length of the packet R is the transmission rate
32
What is End To End Delay
The time taken for a data packet to travel from its source to its destination
33
What is Queueing Delay
the amount of time a packet spends waiting in a buffer or queue at a network device (like a router or switch) before it can be processed and forwarded
34
What the two key core network functions
Forwarding Routing
35
What is forwarding (Network)
It is a local action that moves the arriving packets from the router's input link to the appropriate router output link
36
What is Routing
It is a Global action that determines the source destination paths taken by the packets using routing algorithms
37
What are two methods of Communication
Packet switching Circuit Switching
38
What is Circuit Switching
it's a communication method where a dedicated, physical path is established between two network nodes before data can be transmitted. E.g traditional telephone networks
39
What is the difference between packet switching and Circuit switching
Circuit switching dedicates a specific path for the duration of the connection whereas packet switching breaks the data into packets so they can individually travel across the network. Circuit switching can only handle two users at a time whereas packet switching can handle multiple users at the same time.
40
What is FDM
Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) is a telecommunication technique where a single communication channel’s bandwidth is divided into multiple non-overlapping frequency bands which allows several signals to be transmitted simultaneously over the same medium. IT does this by assigning them a distinct frequency range by using optical electromagnetic frequencies.
41
What is TDM
Time Division Multiplexing is a technique used in telecommunications where multiple data streams are transmitted over a single communication channel by dividing the transmission time into small dedicated slots that allow each data stream to take turns sending information in a sequential manner, which effectively shares the bandwidth across several users or devices.
42
What is the formula for queuing delaying
d queue = q *L/R q is number of packets/length of queue L is the length of bits (bits) R is the rate of transmission (bps)
43
What are the four sources of delays in networking
Nodal Processing Transmission Queueing delay Propagation
44
What is nodal processing delay
it is the time a network node (like a router or switch) takes to process a packet, including examining its header, determining its next destination, and checking for errors, before directing it to the next queue or outgoing link
45
What is Propagation delay
it is the time taken for a signal to travel from one place to another
46
What is the formula for Propagation delay
d prop = d/s d is the length of the physical link s is the propagation speed (2x10^8 ms)
47
How to calculate the total delay
sum of all delays D proc + d queue + d trans + d prop p + q*L/R + L/R + d/s
48
what is a traceroute program
it provides delay measurements from source to router along end-end internet path towards destination
49
What is the formula for Traffic Intensity
(Lxa)/r R is link bandwidth (bps) L is length of the packet a is the average packet arrival rate (packet/s)
50
what is throughput
the rate(bits/time unit) at which bits are being sent from sender to receiver. It can be either instantaneous or average
51
What is throughput instantaneous
it is the rate at a given point in time
52
What is Throughput average
it is the rate over longer periods of time
53
What are the layers of the TCP/IP model (Internet protocol layers)
Layer 5 applications: supporting network applications Protocols: SMTP HTTP Data unit: Message Layer 4 transport: process-process data transfer Protocols: TCP, UDP Data unit: segment Layer 3 Network: Routing of datagrams from source to destination Protocols: Ip, routing protocols Data unit: Datagram Layer 2 Link: Data transfer between neighbouring network elements Protocols: Ethernet, 802.11(Wifi), PPP Data unit: Frame Layer 1 Physical: bits “on the wire” Data unit: Bits

Network Fundamentals (2 decks)

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