Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is a computer program?
A set of instruction that tells a computer how to perform a task.
Here’s a modified version of the flashcards with clearer wording and better structure for easy understanding:
Flashcard 1
Q: What is a computer program?
A: A set of instructions that tells a computer how to perform a task.
Flashcard 2
Q: What are the five main components of a computer?
A: CPU, Memory, Storage, Input Devices, Output Devices.
Flashcard 3
Q: What is programming logic?
A: The process of organizing and structuring a program’s instructions to ensure correct problem-solving.
Flashcard 4
Q: What are the three basic control structures in structured programming?
A: Sequence, Selection, and Looping (Iteration).
Flashcard 5
Q: What is an algorithm?
A: A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem.
Flashcard 6
Q: What is pseudocode?
A: A simplified, plain-language representation of an algorithm that helps in program design.
Flashcard 7
Q: What is a flowchart?
A: A diagram that visually represents an algorithm using symbols to show the flow of execution.
Flashcard 8
Q: What is a variable?
A: A named storage location in memory that holds a value that may change during program execution.
Flashcard 9
Q: What is a constant?
A: A value stored in memory that remains the same throughout the program’s execution.
Flashcard 10
Q: What is debugging?
A: The process of finding and fixing errors in a program.
Flashcard 11
Q: What are the three main types of programming errors?
A: Syntax errors, runtime errors, and logic errors.
Flashcard 12
Q: What is a syntax error?
A: A mistake that occurs when the programmer violates the rules of the programming language.
Flashcard 13
Q: What is a runtime error?
A: An error that occurs during program execution, often causing the program to crash.
Flashcard 14
Q: What is a logic error?
A: A mistake in the program’s design that causes incorrect output, even though the program runs without crashing.
Flashcard 15
Q: What are the two main types of programming languages?
A: Low-level (Machine & Assembly) and High-level (Python, Java, C++).
Flashcard 16
Q: What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?
A: A compiler translates an entire program before execution, while an interpreter translates and executes line by line.
Flashcard 17
Q: What is procedural programming?
A: A programming approach that focuses on step-by-step instructions grouped into functions.
Flashcard 18
Q: What is object-oriented programming (OOP)?
A: A programming approach that organizes code into objects, which contain both data (attributes) and behavior (methods).
Flashcard 19
Q: What is modularization in programming?
A: Breaking a program into smaller, reusable sections called functions or modules for better organization.
Flashcard 20
Q: What are the benefits of modular programming?
A: Code reusability, easier debugging, improved readability, and better collaboration.
Flashcard 21
Q: What is a function (or subroutine)?
A: A reusable block of code designed to perform a specific task.
Flashcard 22
Q: What is a control structure?
A: A logical construct that controls the flow of execution in a program (sequence, selection, repetition).
Flashcard 23
Q: What is sequence structure?
A: A control structure where instructions execute one after another in a specific order.
Flashcard 24
Q: What is selection structure?
A: A control structure that allows the program to make decisions based on conditions (e.g., if-else statements).
Flashcard 25
Q: What is repetition (looping) structure?
A: A control structure that repeats a set of instructions until a condition is met (e.g., while loops, for loops).
Flashcard 26
Q: What are input and output operations?
A: Input: Receiving data from the user or another source.
Output: Displaying or saving processed data.
Flashcard 27
Q: What is a prompt in programming?
A: A message displayed to the user asking for input.
Flashcard 28
Q: What is a sentinel value?
A: A special value that signals the end of a loop (e.g., entering “-1” to stop user input).
Flashcard 29
Q: What is a comment in programming?
A: A note written in the code to explain its purpose, ignored by the compiler or interpreter.
Flashcard 30
Q: What are identifiers in programming?
A: Names given to variables, functions, and other program elements.
Flashcard 31
Q: What is a data type?
A: A classification that determines what kind of value a variable can store (e.g., integer, float, string).
Flashcard 32
Q: What are the common data types in programming?
A: Integer, Float (or Double), String, Boolean, Character.
Flashcard 33
Q: What is concatenation?
A: Joining two or more strings together.
Flashcard 34
Q: What is type casting?
A: Converting a value from one data type to another (e.g., integer to string).
Flashcard 35
Q: What is a Boolean expression?
A: A logical statement that evaluates to true or false.
Flashcard 36
Q: What is a relational operator?
A: An operator used to compare values, such as ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=.
Flashcard 37
Q: What is a logical operator?
A: Operators that combine Boolean expressions, such as AND (&&), OR (||), NOT (!).
Flashcard 38
Q: What is an infinite loop?
A: A loop that never ends due to incorrect logic or a missing exit condition.
Flashcard 39
Q: What is a counter-controlled loop?
A: A loop that runs a fixed number of times using a counter variable.
Flashcard 40
Q: What is desk-checking (dry run)?
A: Manually walking through a program’s logic with test data to identify errors before execution.
This version keeps the concepts concise, clear, and easy to understand while improving readability. Let me know if you need further modifications!
What are the five main components of a computer?
CPU, MEMORY, INPUT DEVICES, OUTPUT DEVICES,STORAGE DEVICES
What is programming logic?
The process of organizing and structuring a program’s instructions to ensure correct problem-solving.
What are three basic control structures in structured programming?
Sequence, Selection, and Looping.
What is an algorithm?
A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem.
What is a pseudocode?
A simplified, plain language representation of an algorithm that helps in program design.
What is flowchart?
diagram that visually represents an algorithm using symbols to show the flow of execution.
What is a variable?
A named storage location in memory that holds a value that may change during program execution.
what is a constant?
A value stored in memory that remains the same throughout the program’s execution.
What is debugging?
The process of finding and fixing errors in a program..
What are three main types of programming errors?
Syntax Errors, Runtime Errors, logic errors.
What is a Syntax Error?
A mistake that occurs when the programmer violates the rules of the programming language.
What is runtime error?
An error that occurs during program execution, often causing the program to crash.
What is a Logic Error?
A mistake in the program’s design that cause incorrect output, even though the program runs without crashing.
What are main two types of programming languages?
Low level (Machine & Assembly) and High-Level (Python, Java, C++)
What is the difference between the compiler and an interpreter??
A compiler translates an entire program before execution, while an interpreter translates and executes line-by-line.
What is procedural programming?
A programming approach that focuses on step-by-step instructions grouped into functions.
What is object-oriented programming?
A programming approach that organizes code into objects, which contain both data (Attributes) and behavior (methods).
What is a modularization in programming?
Breaking a program into smaller, reusable sections called functions or modules for better organization.
What are the benefits of modular programming?
Code reusability, easier debugging, improved readability, and better collaboration.
What is a function (or subroutine)?
A reusable block of code designed to perform a specific task.
What is a control structure?
A logical construct that controls the flow of excution in a program (sequence, selection, repetition)
What is a sequence structure?
A control structure where instruction execute one after another in specific order.
What is a selection structure?
A control structure that allows the program to make decisions based on conditions.
What is a repetition structure (looping)?
A control structure that repeats a set of instructions until a condition is met (while loops, for loops).
What are input and output operations?
Input: Receiving data from the user or another source
output: Displaying or saving processed data.
What is a prompt in programming?
A message displayed to the user asking for input.
What is a sentinel value?
A value that signals the end of a loop (e.g., entering “-1” to stop user input).
What is a comment in programming?
A note written in the code to explain its purpose ignored by the compiler or interpreter.
What are identifiers in programming?
Names given to variables, functions, and other program elements.
