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Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does botany study?

A

Botany is the division of biology that deals with the study of plants.

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2
Q

What does microbiology study?

A

Microbiology is the division of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms such as bacteria.

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3
Q

What is morphology?

A

Morphology is the branch that deals with the study of the form and structures of living organisms.

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4
Q

What is anatomy?

A

Anatomy is the study of the functions of internal structures.

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5
Q

What is histology?

A

Histology is the microscopic study of tissues.

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6
Q

What is cell biology?

A

Cell biology is the study of the structures and functions of cells and cell organelles, including cell division.

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7
Q

What is molecular biology?

A

Molecular biology, also known as biochemistry, deals with the molecules of life such as water, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

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8
Q

What is genetics?

A

Genetics is the study of genes and their roles in inheritance, which is the transmission of characters from one generation to another.

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9
Q

What is embryology?

A

Embryology is the study of the development of an embryo to new individuals.

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10
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

Taxonomy is the study of the naming and classification of organisms into groups and subgroups.

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11
Q

What are parasites?

A

Parasites are organisms that take food and shelter from living hosts and, in return, harm them.

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12
Q

What is paleontology?

A

Paleontology is the study of fossils, which are the remains of extinct organisms.

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13
Q

What does environmental biology study?

A

Environmental biology deals with the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment.

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14
Q

What is socio-biology?

A

Socio-biology is the branch that deals with the study of social behavior of animals that make societies.

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15
Q

What is parasitology?

A

Parasitology is the branch that deals with the study of parasites.

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16
Q

What is biotechnology?

A

Biotechnology deals with the practical application of living organisms to make substances for the welfare of mankind.

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17
Q

What is immunology?

A

Immunology is the study of the immune system of animals, which defends the body against invading microbes.

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18
Q

What is entomology?

A

Entomology is the study of insects.

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19
Q

What is pharmacology?

A

Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their effects on the systems of the human body.

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20
Q

What is biology?

A

Biology is the scientific study of life.

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21
Q

What are the Greek origins of the word ‘biology’?

A

‘Biology’ is derived from two Greek words: ‘bios’ meaning ‘life’ and ‘logos’ meaning ‘thought or reasoning’.

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22
Q

What are the subatomic particles and their locations?

A

Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of the atom, while electrons orbit in energy levels (electron shells) around the nucleus.

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23
Q

What determines how atoms react with each other?

A

The number of electrons in the outermost shell determines the manner in which atoms react with each other.

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24
Q

What are the most stable subatomic particles?

A

The most stable subatomic particles are electrons, protons, and neutrons.

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25
How many kinds of elements occur in nature?
Out of the 92 kinds of elements that occur in nature, 16 are called bioelements.
26
What are bioelements?
Bioelements are elements that take part in making the body mass of a living organism.
27
Which bioelements make up 99% of the total mass?
Only six bioelements (O, C, H, N, Ca, & P) make 99% of the total mass.
28
What are the other bioelements that collectively make 1% of the total mass?
Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, & I collectively make 1% of the total mass.
29
What percentage of total mass does Phosphorous constitute?
Phosphorous constitutes 1% of the total mass.
30
What percentage of total mass does Calcium constitute?
Calcium constitutes 2% of the total mass.
31
What percentage of total mass does Nitrogen constitute?
Nitrogen constitutes 3% of the total mass.
32
Who was Al-Hayyan?
Al-Hayyan (721 - 815 AD) was born in Iran and practiced medicine in Iraq. He introduced experimental investigation in chemistry and wrote a number of books on plants and animals. ## Footnote His famous books are 'AI-Nabatat' and 'A-Haywan'.
33
Who is Abdu Malik Asmai?
Abdu Malik Asmai (740 - 828 AD) is considered the first Muslim scientist who studied animals in detail. ## Footnote His famous writings include 'A-Abil' (camel), 'ALKhal' (horse), 'AI-Wahoosh' (animal), and 'Kalq al-ansan'.
34
Who is Bu Ali Sina?
Bu Ali Sina (980 - 1037 AD), known as Avicenna in the West, is honored as the founder of medicine. He was a physician, philosopher, astronomer, and poet. ## Footnote One of his books, 'Al-Qanun-fi al-Tib', is known as the canon of medicine in the West.
35
What are micromolecules?
Micromolecules are substances with low molecular weight, e.g., glucose, water.
36
What are macromolecules?
Macromolecules are substances with high molecular weight.
37
What is the relationship between micromolecules and macromolecules?
Micromolecules have low molecular weight, while macromolecules have high molecular weight.
38
What is a molecule?
A molecule is the smallest part of a compound that retains the properties of that compound.
39
What is biology?
Biology is the scientific study of life.
40
What are the Greek origins of the word 'biology'?
'Biology' is derived from two Greek words: 'bios' meaning 'life' and 'logos' meaning 'thought or reasoning'.
41
What does the profession of medicine deal with?
The profession of medicine deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
42
What is surgery?
Surgery involves the removal of stones through renal surgery, transplantation of organs, and repair or replacement of body parts.
43
What do students study in the basic course for medicine?
Students study both medicine and surgery in the same basic course (MBBS).
44
What is fisheries?
Fisheries is the professional study of fish production.
45
What is the role of fisheries professionals in Pakistan?
Fisheries professionals enhance the quality and quantity of fish production.
46
What level of education is required to adopt a career in fisheries?
A master's level study of zoology and fisheries can be pursued after a bachelor's degree.
47
What does agriculture deal with?
Agriculture deals with food crops and animals.
48
What is animal husbandry?
Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with the care and breeding of domestic animals (livestock).
49
What can students study after higher secondary education in biology related to agriculture?
Students can adopt professional courses in agriculture, animal husbandry, or fisheries.
50
What does horticulture involve?
Horticulture deals with the art of gardening and the production of new varieties of ornamental and fruit plants.
51
What does farming encompass?
Farming involves the development and maintenance of different types of farms, including animal breeding and fruit production.
52
What is the focus of forestry professionals?
Forestry professionals look after natural forests and advise on planting and growing artificial forests.
53
What is biotechnology?
Biotechnology is the latest profession in the field of biology, focusing on the study of biological processes.
54
What is the focus of biotechnology?
The production of useful products through microorganisms.
55
What courses can be pursued after higher secondary education in biology?
Courses in biotechnology, botany, or zoology at the bachelor level.
56
What level of education is required for studying biotechnology?
Higher secondary education in biology.
57
What are bioelements in organisms?
Bioelements usually do not occur in isolated forms; rather, they combine through ionic or covalent bonding.
58
What is formed by the bonding of bioelements?
The stable particle formed by such bonding is called a molecule or biomolecule.
59
What is science?
Science is the study in which observations are made, experiments are done, and logical conclusions are drawn in order to understand the principles of nature.
60
What is Biophysics?
It deals with the study of the principles of physics applicable to biological phenomena. ## Footnote For example, there is a similarity between the working principles of levers in physics and limbs of animals in biology.
61
What is Biochemistry?
It deals with the study of the chemistry of different compounds and processes occurring in living organisms. ## Footnote For example, the study of basic metabolism of photosynthesis and respiration involves the knowledge of chemistry.
62
What is Biomathematics / Biometry?
It deals with the study of biological processes using mathematical techniques and tools. ## Footnote For example, to analyze the data gathered after experimental work, biologists have to apply the rules of mathematics.
63
What is Biogeography?
It deals with the study of the occurrence and distribution of different species of living organisms in different geographical regions of the world. ## Footnote It applies the knowledge of the characteristics of particular geographical regions to determine the characteristics of living organisms found there.
64
What is Bioeconomics?
It deals with the study of organisms from an economical point of view. ## Footnote For example, the cost value and profit value of the yield of wheat can be calculated through bioeconomics, and benefits or losses can be determined.
65
What is the scientific name of the frog?
The scientific name of the frog is Rana tigrina.
66
What type of organization does a frog exhibit?
A frog shows multicellular organization.
67
What is the structure of a frog's body?
The body is made of organ systems, and each organ system consists of related organs.
68
What are organs made of in a frog?
All the organs are made of specific tissues.
69
What types of tissues are found in frog organs?
Frog organs are made of epithelial, glandular, muscular, nervous, etc. tissues.
70
What is the scientific name of the frog?
The scientific name of the frog is Rana tigrina.
71
What type of organization does a frog exhibit?
A frog shows multicellular organization.
72
What is the structure of a frog's body?
The body is made of organ systems, and each organ system consists of related organs.
73
What are organs made of in a frog?
All the organs are made of specific tissues.
74
What types of tissues are found in frog organs?
Frog organs are made of epithelial, glandular, muscular, nervous, etc. tissues.
75
What is the scientific name of the mustard plant?
Brassica campestris
76
When is the mustard plant sown?
In winter
77
What does the mustard plant produce at the end of winter?
Seeds
78
What parts of the mustard plant are used as a vegetable?
The plant body
79
What are the seeds of the mustard plant used for?
Extracting oil
80
How can the organs of the mustard plant be divided?
Into vegetative organs and reproductive parts
81
What are the vegetative organs of the mustard plant?
Root, stem, branches, and leaves
82
Do vegetative organs take part in sexual reproduction?
No
83
What are the reproductive parts of the mustard plant?
Flowers
84
What do flowers produce in the mustard plant?
Fruits and seeds
85
What is colonial cellular organization?
In colonial cellular organization, many unicellular organisms live together but do not have any division of labour among them.
86
How do unicellular organisms in a colony function?
Each unicellular organism in a colony lives its own life and does not depend on other cells for its vital requirements.
87
What is an example of a colonial organism?
Volvox is a green alga found in water that shows colonial organization.
88
How many cells make up a Volvox colony?
Hundreds of Volvox cells make a colony.
89
How do cells organize in organisms?
Cells organize in three ways: unicellular, colonial, and multicellular organizations.
90
What types of organisms are formed by these cell organizations?
The organisms formed are unicellular organisms, colonial organisms, and multicellular organisms.
91
What is a unicellular organism?
A unicellular organism is made up of only one cell that carries out all life activities. ## Footnote Examples include Amoeba, Paramecium, and Euglena.

Kito's Living Hell (2 decks)

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