Chapter 1

Question 1

Basic Unit of life

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

A single living individual

Answer 2

Organism

Question 3

Cells use DNA to produce proteins.

Answer 3

T

Question 4

A particle of matter; protons, neutrons, and electrons

Answer 4

Atom

Question 5

two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds

Answer 5

molecule

Question 6

compartment of a eukaryotic cell that performs a specialized function

Answer 6

organelle

Question 7

group of cells that interact and provide a specific function

Answer 7

tissue

Question 8

two or more tissues that interact and function as an integrated unit

Answer 8

organs

Question 9

two or more physically or functionally linked organs

Answer 9

organ system

Question 10

members of the same species occupying the same place. ex. all deers

Answer 10

population

Question 11

group of different species in the same place. ex. deers and rabbits

Answer 11

community

Question 12

a community and its nonliving environment

Answer 12

ecosystem

Question 13

part of Earth where life can exist. al parts of the planet that can support life.

Answer 13

biosphere

Question 14

Single celled bacteria, less complex than animals or plants, contain DNA, proteins, and other molecules that interact in highly organized ways.

Answer 14

T

Question 15

quality that results from interactions of a system’s components.

Answer 15

Emergent property

Question 16

the thoughts and memories produced by interactions among the neurons in a person’s brain.

Answer 16

ex of emergent properties

Question 17

allow organisms to acquire and use energy and nutrients to build new structures, repair old ones, and reproduce.

Answer 17

metabolism

Question 18

makes their own food from extracting energy and nutrients from nonliving sources; also called autotrophs. ex. plants

Answer 18

primary producers

Question 19

organisms that eats other organisms, living or dead; also called heterotrophs

Answer 19

consumer

Question 20

organism that absorb energy and nutrients from wastes or dead organisms, recycles nutrients to the nonliving environment; also called heterotrophs. ex. fungi and bacteria.

Answer 20

decomposers

Question 21

energy is always lost in the surroundings in the form of heat. heat is a permanent loss in the cycle of life. Energy from the sun.

Answer 21

T

Question 22

state of internal constancy in the presence of changing external conditions. maintaining your internal temperature. ex. shivering and sweating

Answer 22

homeostasis

Question 23

organisms reproduce. reproduction transmits from generation to generation.

Answer 23

T

Question 24

Only one parent, offsprings are identical. ex. bacteria. many multicellular organisms also reproduce asexually. “runners”. Adaptive in unchanging environments.

Answer 24

asexual reproduction

Question 25

changes that occur as an organism matures into an adult

Answer 25

development

Question 26

two parents from an offspring, has a new combination of inherited traits. A diversity in a population. Adaptive in changing environments.

Answer 26

sexual reproduction

Question 27

An increase in organism's size, from cell division.

Answer 27

Growth

Question 28

inherited trait that allows an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment.

Answer 28

adaptation

Question 29

changes in an organism's DNA sequence, generate genetic variation in all organisms, even those that reproduce asexually.

Answer 29

Mutations

Question 30

enhanced reproductive success of certain individuals from a population based on inherited characteristics.

Answer 30

natural selection

Question 31

If no individual can reproduce in the new environment, the species may go extinct.

Answer 31

T

Question 32

change in the genetic makeup of a population over multiple generations.

Answer 32

evolution

Question 33

Scientists about natural selection.

Answer 33

Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace

Question 34

the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms

Answer 34

taxonomy

Question 35

a distinctive type of organism. basic unit of classification.

Answer 35

species

Question 36

taxonomic category that groups closely related species. ex. homo sapiens (humans).

Answer 36

genus

Question 37

broadest (most inclusive) taxonomic category

Answer 37

domain

Question 38

bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

Answer 38

domains

Question 39

prokaryotes, meaning their DNA is free in the cell and not confined to an organelle called a nucleus.

Answer 39

bacteria and archaea

Question 40

contains all species of eukaryotes, unicellular or multicellular organisms whose cells contain a nucleus.

Answer 40

eukarya

Question 41

taxonomic category below domain

Answer 41

kingdom

Question 42

animalia, fungi, and plantae

Answer 42

kingdoms

Question 43

not plants, fungi, or animals. artificial category for the many species of eukaryotes.

Answer 43

protista

Question 44

a way of using evidence to answer questions and test ideas.

Answer 44

scientific method

Question 45

1st step in scientific method

Answer 45

observations and questions

Question 46

a testable, tentative explanation for one or more observations. essential unit of scientific inquiry.

Answer 46

hypothesis

Question 47

an if-then statement, an outcome of the test of a hypothesis

Answer 47

prediction

Question 48

investigators draw conclusions based on data. Gathering data to carry out an experiment to test a hypothesis under controlled conditions.

Answer 48

data collection

Question 49

investigators decide whether the evidence supports or falsifies the hypothesis. next step is to write a paper and publish in a scientific journal, then sent to anonymous reviewers.

Answer 49

analysis and peer review

Question 50

evaluation of scientific results by experts before publication in a journal.

Answer 50

peer review

Question 51

a test of a hypothesis under controlled conditions.

Answer 51

experiment

Question 52

a changeable element in an experiment

Answer 52

variable

Question 53

investigator directly manipulates to determine whether it causes another variable to change.

Answer 53

independent variable

Question 54

investigator measures (number of...) to determine whether it is affected by the independent variable.

Answer 54

dependent variable

Question 55

investigator holds constant for all subjects in an experiment, including the control group.

Answer 55

standardized variable

Question 56

untreated group used as a basis for comparison with a treated group in an experiment.

Answer 56

control group

Question 57

an inert substance that resembles the treatment given to the experimental groups.

Answer 57

placebo

Question 58

the number of subjects in each experimental group

Answer 58

sample size

Question 59

experiment is complete, the investigator complies the data and decides whether the results support the hypothesis. Unlikely to be attributed to chance.

Answer 59

statistically significant

Question 60

an explanation of a natural phenomenon. typically broader in scope than a hypothesis. Acceptance and evidence. Potentially falsifiable (can be wrong).

Answer 60

theory

Question 61

a repeatable observation that everyone can agree on.

Answer 61

fact

Question 62

evolution is both fact and theory.

Answer 62

T

Question 63

Scientific inquiry has limitations

Answer 63

T

Question 64

researchers may misinterpret observations or experimental results.

Answer 64

limitation of scientific inquiry

Question 65

the practical application of scientific knowledge

Answer 65

technology

Question 66

atom > molecule > organelle > cells > tissues > organ > organ systems > organism > population > community > ecosystem > biosphere

Answer 66

Life's Organizational Hierarchy