Chapter 1 Flashcards
1
Q
R.A NO. 9275
A
Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
2
Q
R.A NO. 8749
A
Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
3
Q
R.A. No. 6969
A
Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990
4
Q
P.D. No. 1152
A
Philippine Environmental Code
5
Q
R.A No. 9003
A
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
6
Q
R.A. NO. 9367
A
Biofuels Act of 2006
7
Q
DAO 90-34
A
Revised water usage and classification/water criteria amending section Nos. 68 and 69, Chapter III of the 1978 NPCC Rules and Regulations
8
Q
R.A No. 10068
A
Organic Agriculture Act of 2010
9
Q
it is the most recent stage in the development of a product (biochemical, thermo-chemical)
A
State of the Art Technologies
10
Q
use of microorganisms/enzymes
A
Bio-chemical Conversion
11
Q
break down organic materials to energy
A
Thermo-chemical Conversion
12
Q
biogas production
A
Anaerobic digestion
13
Q
bioethanol production
A
Biofuel Production
14
Q
heat production from direct burning of waste
A
Direct Combustion
15
Q
charcoal production by the use of limited amount of air during firing operation 3.
A
Carbonization
16
Q
production of CO for heat and power generation
A
Gasification
17
Q
burning of waste in anaerobic condition to produce oil substitute
A
Pyrolysis
18
Q
ENUMERATE THE CONVERSION OF AB WASTE TO ENERGY TO BIO-FERTILIZER AND SOIL CONDITIONER
A
- Composting Process: Aerobic composting and anaerobic composting
- Char production
- Shredding and Decortications Processs
19
Q
(Most Preferred): The best approach is to avoid waste generation altogether. This can be achieved by designing products that use fewer materials, encouraging sustainable consumption, and promoting reusable items. It reduces resource use and environmental impact at the source.
A
Prevention
20
Q
: Minimizing the amount of waste produced by using resources more efficiently. This can involve designing longer-lasting products, using eco-friendly packaging, or encouraging behavior changes to reduce waste generation.
A
Reduction
21
Q
: Concerting waste materials into new products to reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials and lower energy usage. This helps to minimize landfill waste and reduce environmental pollution.
A
Recycling
22
Q
Extracting energy or other useful materials from waste that cannot be recycled. This includes processes like waste-to energy conversion, composting organic waste, and anaerobic digestion to generate biogas
A
Recovery
23
Q
(Least Preferred): The least desirable option, involving the final treatment of waste by sending it to landfills or incineration without energy recovery. This method poses environmental risks, such as pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
A
Disposal
24
Q
Solid wastes that include household garbage, rubbish, construction & demolition debris, sanitation residues, packaging materials, trade refuges etc. are managed by any municipality.
A
Municipal Solid wastes
25
Solid or liquid wastes including containers, intermediate or end products generated during diagnosis, treatment & research activities of medical sciences. c. Industrial wastes: Liquid and solid wastes that are generated by manufacturing & processing units of various industries like chemical, petroleum, coal, metal gas, sanitary & paper etc.
Bio-medical wastes
26
Wastes generated from farming activities. These substances are mostly biodegradable.
Agricultural wastes
27
Wastes generated due to fishery activities. These are extensively found in coastal & estuarine areas.
Fishery wastes
28
Waste containing radioactive materials. Usually these are byproducts of nuclear processes. Sometimes industries that are not directly involved in nuclear activities, may also produce some radioactive wastes, e.g. radio-isotopes, chemical sludge etc.
Radioactive wastes
29
Electronic wastes generated from any modern establishments. They may be described as discarded electrical or electronic devices. Some electronic scrap components, such as CRTs, may contain contaminants such as Pb, Cd, Be or brominated flame retardants.
E-wastes
30
Substances unsafe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or economically and have any of the following properties- ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity & toxicity.
Hazardous wastes
31
Substances safe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or economically and do not have any of those properties mentioned above. These substances usually create disposal problems.
Non-hazardous wastes
32
Broken or worn parts of tractors, plows, and other agricultural machinery.
Tires and Parts of Agricultural Machinery
33
Plastic or metal packaging used for seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides.
Packaging Waste
34
→ Leftover food or organic material discarded by consumers. Examples (Fruit and vegetable scraps, coffee grounds, food waste from kitchens)
Food Scraps
35
Produce that spoils or is discarded in marketplaces. Examples (Spoiled fruits and vegetables, unsold produce)
Market Waste
36
Waste from pruning, trimming, and other horticultural activities.
Plant Cuttings and Clippings
37
Waste from plastic containers used for plants.
Plastic Pots and Packaging
38
Soil that is removed or replaced during plant cultivation.
Soil Waste
39
→ Stems, leaves, roots, and other parts of plants left after harvest. Examples (Corn stalks, rice husks, wheat straw)
Crop Residues
40
Weeds that are removed during the growing process or after harvest.
Weeds and Unwanted Plants
41
Crops that are damaged, diseased, or unfit for sale or consumption.
Spoiled or Non-Edible Crops
42
→ Packaging waste from chemicals used in crop protection and fertilization.
Pesticide and Fertilizer Containers
43
Animal waste products, including feces, urine, and bedding material from farms. Examples (Cow dung, poultry litter, pig manure)
Manure
44
Byproducts of animal slaughter that are not used for food. Examples (Bones, blood, fat, offal)
Slaughterhouse Waste
45
Bedding materials used for animals, often soiled with manure and urine. Examples (Straw, sawdust, hay)
Animal Bedding
46
Dead animals that may not be suitable for consumption, sometimes discarded.
Animal Carcasses
47
Waste generated from the processing of fruits and vegetables. Examples (Potato peels, apple cores, orange rinds)
Fruit and Vegetable Peels
48
Byproducts from processing grains such as wheat, rice, or corn. Examples (Bran, husks, flour dust)
Grain Milling Waste
49
Waste from milk processing. Examples (Whey, spoiled milk, buttermilk)
Dairy Waste
50
Examples (Spent grain, yeast, hops)
Brewery and Distillery Waste
51
Waste materials from timber harvesting or sawmill processing. Examples (Wood chips, sawdust, bark)
Wood Waste
52
Branches and leaves from tree care and management activities.
Tree Pruning Residue
53
Natural waste from forests that includes fallen leaves, branches, and organic matter.
Forest Floor Debris
54
Byproducts from fish and seafood processing. Examples (Fish heads, bones, skin, scales)
Fish Processing Waste
55
Waste generated in fish farming, including feed residues and waste produced by the fish.
Aquaculture Waste
56
- those which cannot be decomposed or degraded by natural agents. They remain on earth for thousands of years without any degradation or decomposition.
Non-biodegradable
57
Waste any material that can be reduced into finer particles (degraded or decomposed) by microbiological organisms or enzymes
Biodegradable
58
Exores fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides from agricultural lands and residential areas
Oil grease and toxic chemicals from urban runoff and energy production
Sediments from crop and forest lands, construction sites and eroding streambanks
Non-Point Source (NPS) Pollution
59
Farmyard itself
Facilities used to store animal wastes
Facilities for collecting and storing silage effluent
Facilities used for storing and handling pesticides
Point Source Pollution
60
means any alteration of the physical, chemical, biological, or radiological properties of a water body resulting in the impairment of its purity or quality.
WATER POLLUTION
61
shall refer to any substance, whether solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive, which directly or indirectly:
Pollutant
62
means such alteration of the physical, chemical and/or biological properties of any water and/or atmospheric air of the Philippines, or any discharge of any liquid, gaseous or solid substance into any of the waters and/or atmospheric air of the country as will or is likely to create or render such waters and/or atmospheric air harmful or detrimental or injurious to public health, safety or welfare, or to domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational or other legitimate uses, or to livestock, wild animals, birds, fish or other aquatic life. (RA 3931act creating the National Water and Air Pollution Control Commission)
Pollution
63
-refers to systematic administration of activities, which provide for segregation at source, segregation transportation, storage, transfer, processing, treatment and disposal of solid waste and all other waste management activities, which do not harm the environment.
Ecological solid waste management
64
- refers to a site where solid waste is finally discharged and deposited.
Disposal site
65
-biological degradation under controlled conditions, the process of making biodegradable items such as food waste, animal waste, into compost by making them with soil, water, biological activities/ activators (optional) and air.
Composting
66
- refers to the ordinance of removing solid waste from the source or from a communal storage point.
Collection
67
refers to the quality of being re-usable, biodegradable or compostable, recyclable and not toxic or hazardous to the environment.
Environmental acceptable
68
refers to the liquid produced when waste undergo decomposition, and when water percolate through soil waste undergoing decomposition. It is contaminated liquid that contains dissolved and suspended materials.
Leachate
69
-special types of waste containing the chemical, biological and radiological elements which are harmful to human health.
Hazardous Waste
70
the controlled process by which combustible wastes are burned changes into gasses and residues that contains little or no combustible material.
Incineration
71
-refers to a solid waste management practice of separating different materials found in solid waste in order to promote recycling and re-use of resources and to reduce the volume of waste for collection and disposal.
Segregation
72
Includes a solid waste transfer station or sorting station, drop-off center, a composting facility, and a recycling facility.
Materials Recovery Facility
73
refers to a waste disposal site designed, constructed, operated and maintained in a manner that exerts engineering control over significant potential environmental impacts arising from the development and operation of the facility.
Sanitary landfill
74
refers to the collection, extraction or recovery of recyclable materials from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling, generating energy or producing a product suitable for beneficial use
Resource Recovery
75
-refers to the process of recovering materials intended for the same or different purpose without the alteration of physical or chemical characteristics.
Re-use
76
-refers to the treating of used or waste materials through a process of making them suitable for beneficial use and for other purposes, and includes any process by which solid waste materials are transformed into new products in such a manner that the original product may lose their identity; and which may be used as raw materials for the production of other goods or devices
Recycling
77
refers to any resource recovery system or component thereof; any system, program, or facility for resource conservation; any facility for the collection, source separation, storage, transportation, transfer, processing, treatment, or disposal of solid waste.
Solid Waste Management Facility
78
refers to the discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing, and disposal of solid waste in a manner that is in accord with the best principles of public health, economics, engineering, conservation, aesthetics and other environmental considerations, and that is also responsive to public attitudes.
Solid Waste Management
79
- is the refuse from household as distinguished from industrial waste, agricultural waste, hospital waste, etc, which may be classified as biodegradable or non-biodegradable.
Domestic waste
80
refers to all discarded household, commercial waste, non-hazardous institutional and industrial waste, street sweepings, construction debris, agricultural waste, and other non-hazardous/non- toxic solid waste.
Solid waste
81
Refers to the act of getting rid of waste material. (Example-"Proper disposal of hazardous waste is essential for safety.")
Disposal
82
Originally meaning food for livestock, it can be used metaphorically for something of low value, often implying waste or something discarded. (Example "The unused research was considered fodder for further studies.")
Fodder-
83
Items that are old, broken, or of little value and typically need to be discarded. (Example "The garage was full of old junk that hadn't been used in years.")
Junk
84
Refers to something produced as a secondary result of a process or activity, often a waste product. (Example-"The byproducts of the manufacturing process were carefully disposed of.")
Byproduct
85
86
Refers to waste material that has spilled or overflowed, typically a liquid or semi-liquid substance
Spillage
87
Refers to something that is more than what is necessary, especially in terms of quantity.
Excess
88
Refers to broken or torn pieces of something, often resulting from destruction or damage.
Debris
91
92
-Similar to garbage but often used more broadly, especially in British English, to refer to anything that is useless or discarded.
Rubbish
93
Refers specifically to discarded or unwanted items, typically referring to household refuse.
Garbage
94
General term for anything that is not used efficiently or is discarded without serving its intended purpose. This could be materials, time, or resources.
Waste
95
consist of liquid waste and slurry resulting from the production of livestock and poultry; and processing of crops, livestock and poultry
Agricultural liquid waste
96
wastes resulting from the production and processing of crops and animals or agricultural products, including manures with at least 20% solids, pruning and crop residues wherever produced
Agricultural solid waste
97
is the largest contributor of any resource sector, to the economy. It is also a large generator of waste materials. This includes natural waste, animal waste and plant waste.
Agriculture
98
Residues from the growing and processing of raw agricultural products such as fruits, vegetables, meat, poultry, dairy products, and crops
Agricultural Wastes
99
It is the study of properly managing the environment to minimize the problem of pollution derived from solid, liquid and/or gaseous matter produced in the farm and consequently convert them into useful form to obtain a proper environment needed in farming operations.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
100
It shall refer to the development of systems, processes and equipment for AB waste disposal and utilization and environment-friendly technologies such as compost plant, biogas plant, biomass utilization technologies, systems and processes.
AGRICULTURAL WASTE MANAGEMENT ENGINEERING
101
A formal term for waste or trash, typically used to refer to discarded items, often with a focus on what is no longer useful.
Refuse
102
Refers to leftover pieces of material (often metal or fabric) that can be reused or recycled.
Scrap
