Chapter 1 Flashcards by Laochra Hill

List 5 political responses given by Stormont to protect the NI state and the Protestant people against Nationalists

1) special powers act
2)Abolition of PR
3) Gerrymandering
4) vote was households and up to 7 for wealth
5) Discrimination in housing and jobs

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What was the date and articles of the Irish constitution that laid claim to island of Ireland?

1937, articles II &III

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When was IRA border campaign?

56-62

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What year did O’Neill take over as PM of N.I?

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What was his party called?

OUP

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List 6 economic measures by O’Neill

· 900 million investment multi- NationaL companies
· Modernisation rd and railway airport
· Co-operation dub based trade union congress to help with economic development
· Economic council set up under Faulkner Ministry Development & five economic zones
· New city Craigavon
· New uni Coleraine –develop more skilled work force

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List 6 economic successes

· Multinationals -ICI Michelin Goodyear etc came to NI as got investment grants and tax allowances
· New motorway
· Oil refinery
· New airport
· Links with ROI electricity
· 35,000new jobs

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4 failures in economy

.20,000 jobs lost old industries
· Gov had to give money to Harland & Wolf
· Unemployment 7-8% 12.5 % higher in the west.
· New companies wouldn’t open west on Bann to remote

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5 actions taken by O’Neill which improved relations with Nationalists in the North.

· Visiting Cardinal Conway spiritual leader of Ireland’s Catholics
· Offering condolences to Catholic Church on death of Pope
· Visiting catholic run schools & hospitals
· Increasing financial support for Catholic run schools and hospitals
· Trying to improve relations with ROI would please Catholics in the North

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Why was O’Neill trying to improve economic and social conditions for Catholics in NI?

Make them feel part of and accept state.

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How does O’Neill improve relations with ROI?

· First face to face meetings since 1925
· Jan 65 met lemass Stormont
· 4 weeks later went to Dub
· Met J Lynch 1967
· Agreement on Electricity & Tourism

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When O’Neill make TV speech about same rivers, mountains & problems?

After meeting Lemass

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Who did Paisley throw snowballs at?

Lynch 1967

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What date was election when O’Neill had electoral success suggesting the popularity of his policies?

1965

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Why was 1966 an important year?

· Commemorations Easter Rising & Somme
· Back bench Plot by OUP to get rid of O’Neill
· 2 Catholics murdered by the re-emerged UVF & O’Neill bans it.

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By what date had O’Neill more or less lost support from Party & public?

1967

What action was taken by Nationalists in Stormont that showed the support for O’Neill?

Nationalist party became official opposition

In what year did US Congress pass Civil Rights Law and NICRA was set up?

1967

Name a leader of NICRA?

Paddy Devlin

7 aims on NICRA

· One man one vote
· Fair allocation council houses
· End Gerrymandering
· Prevent discrimination in allocation of Government jobs
· Remove Special Powers (Civil Authority Act)
· Disband B specials
· Set up formal complaints procedure.

Who led Nationalist Party?

Eddie McAteer

Why did Nationalist Party’s policies not seem relevant to many Nationalists?

Only seemed interested in ending Partition

Name 5 groups who supported NICRA

· New educated Catholics who wanted to stay in NI but have reform
· Liberal Protestants who saw there was discrimination & knew only way to get Nationalists to support NI state was improve conditions for Nationalists
· Communists
· Academics
· Trade Unionists

3 reasons many Unionists opposed to NICRA?

· Thought it front for IRA
· Believed only interested in Catholic rights & thus Protestant rights would suffer
· Believed NICRA wanted a United Ireland thus threatened NI State.

First march:- date, place, reason, action of Stormont Gov, result of march?

Aug 1968, County Tyrone, Coalisland- Dungannon, issue 19yr Prod girl getting Council house in Caledon over Catholic family. Not banned by Stormont but stopped by Police from reaching Dungannon Town Square

Who suggested march & what peaceful protest did he do before that?

Austin Currie, squatted in house

Second March:- :- date, place, reason, action of Stormont Gov, result of march?

Oct 68, Derry, Housing, after Apprentice Boys organised counter demonstration Stormont banned any march east of the river Foyle. March went ahead, small numbers, violence by police against protesters as march illegal, 4 MPs including Gerry Fitt, RTE cameras

Impact of RTE cameras?

Showed police violence again unarmed protesters around the world. One of reasons O’Neill, Faulkner & Craig told to come to London

When was O’Neill, Faulkner & Craig summoned to Westminster to meet Harold Wilson to discuss 5 point Programme?

Nov 68

What was 5 point programme?

· Allocation council houses on point system · Replaced Londonderry Corporation · Removal parts of special powers act · Reforms within local Government including extra 7 votes for business owners · Appointment of Ombudsman to investigate complaints

What action did O’Neill take as a result of protests over 5 point programme?

Cross Rds Speech

Results of speech?

· Craig condemned speech & was sacked by O’Neill · Street protests including marches by NICRA called off · Many Unionists still felt their position was under threat because of concessions being given under threat of violence by Nationalists.

PD march:- date, leaders, why set up, why march, result?

· 1-4 jan 1969 · M Farrell B Devlin · Set up because of violence against marchers at 2nd NICRA march in Derry & to disrupt Stormont & possibly open up the Irish question again. · Unhappy limited nature of 5 point programme so decided to march · Confrontation Burntollet Bridge on day 3 of march police seemed to do little to stop and some Police rampaged Bogside Derry that night

Response to Burntollet?

· NICRA started to march again · O’Neill set up Cameron Commission into violence. · Setting up of Commission caused 2 cabinet ministers including Faulkner to resign

3rd NICRA March place & date

Newry Jan 1969

Events leading to O’Neill’s downfall?

· Faulkner resigned after O’Neill set up Cameron Commission · 12 MPS called for O’Neill’s resignation 30th Jan 1969 · O’Neill calls cross Rds election for Feb 1969 · Results of election- reduction in Unionist support, divisions in Party among MPS elected, little evidence of Catholic voters giving support, O’Neill had been challenged in own Bannside constituency by Paisley and only won by a narrow majority · Bombings meant to look as if they had been done by IRA was actually by conglomerate of loyalists groupings led by Dusty Spence & UVF-deteriorating political situation · Resigned April 1969

Reasons why O’Neill failed?

· Party never wanted him as leader · Unable to meet the demands of Nationalist · Any concisions to Nationalists alienated many Unionists.