Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is psychology?
The scientific study of the mind and behavior
Connection between the brain’s internal processes with individual’s external behaviors.
What is pseudoscience?
A system of theories, assumptions, and methods erroneously regarded as scientific
Definition from Merriam-Webster, 2024.
What method does psychology use?
The scientific/empirical method
Based on measurable, observable data.
Who founded one of the first labs for psychological research?
Wilhelm Wundt
Associated with the school of Structuralism.
What does behaviorism focus on?
Objectively observable outcomes of inner experience or mental processes
Largely responsible for lending credibility to the field of psychology.
What is operant conditioning?
A learning process through reinforcement and punishment
Associated with B.F. Skinner.
Fill in the blank: The focus of humanistic psychology is on the potential for _______.
good
Who is known for the Hierarchy of Needs?
Abraham Maslow
What does cognitive psychology focus on?
Cognitions and thoughts and their relationship to individual experience and behavior
Also referred to as cognitive science.
What is the primary focus of developmental psychology?
The scientific study of lifespan development
Includes physical maturation, behavior, cognitive skills, and more.
Who critiqued the field of psychology for biases against women?
Naomi Weisstein
True or False: The American Psychological Association is the largest organization of psychologists in the world.
True
What is biopsychology?
Explores how our biology influences our behavior
Combines research strategies of psychologists and physiologists.
What does evolutionary psychology focus on?
Biological causes of behavior and adaptation
Originated with Darwin’s theory of evolution.
What is the main concern of forensic psychology?
Deals with the criminal justice system
Includes assessing competency to stand trial and providing treatment.
Who was the first woman awarded a doctoral degree in psychology?
Margaret Floy Washburn
What is the significance of the Milgram Experiment?
Studied obedience to authority
Found that nearly 2/3 of participants were willing to deliver electrical shocks.
Fill in the blank: Clinical psychology focuses on diagnosis and treatment of _______.
psychological disorders
What is the role of counseling psychology?
Focus on social, emotional, and vocational outcomes within psychologically healthy individuals
What is the primary focus of health psychology?
Interaction of biology, psychology, and sociocultural factors
Examines how these factors determine health.
What percentage of Bachelor’s Degrees were granted in psychology in the US in 2016?
6%
What is the goal of multicultural psychology?
Focus on diverse populations within one country
Studies differences between these populations.
What is the focus of industrial-organizational psychology?
Applies psychological principles to organizational settings and workplace environments
Fill in the blank: The first president of the American Psychological Association was _______.
G. Stanley Hall
