Chapter 1

Question 1

What are some examples of analog information?

Answer 1

Time
Weight
Temperature
Line length
Width and length of a sheet of paper

Question 2

Analog or Digital ?
Light Brightness

Answer 2

Analog

Question 3

Analog or Digital?
Sound loudness

Answer 3

Analog

Question 4

Analog or Digital?
Color saturation and hue

Answer 4

Analog

Question 5

What is analog information?

Answer 5

Continuous information
An infinite number of divisions that exist between any two measurements

Question 6

What is the difference between analog information and digital data?

Answer 6

Analog information is continuous and made up of an infinite number of data points while Digital data is discrete

Question 7

What is Discrete Data?

Answer 7

In discrete data there is no in-between of two whole points

Question 8

What are some examples of discrete data?

Answer 8

Number of persons
Choices in Multiple choice questions

Question 9

Which kind of data is finite?

Answer 9

Digital

Question 10

Sight and sound are

Answer 10

Analog information

Question 11

Computers handle:

Answer 11

Discrete digital data

Question 12

What must happen in order for a computer to handle analog information like sight and sound?

Answer 12

The data must be converted to finite discrete digital data

Question 13

What is Digitization?

Answer 13

The process of turning something real and continuous (analog) into computer friendly data (digital)

Question 14

What two things must you do to convert analog information into digital data?

Answer 14

Sampling
Quantization

Question 15

What is sampling?

Answer 15

Picking specific points to record

Question 16

What is quantization?

Answer 16

Rounding the recorded sampling points to a fixed set of values

Question 17

What happens if you record the sampling rate by the second

Answer 17

You get too much unnecessary data

Question 18

What happens if you record the sampling rate daily

Answer 18

You cam miss changes throughout the day

Question 19

What happens when you round during quantization?

Answer 19

You lose a little detail

Question 20

What does a higher sampling rate do?

Answer 20

It captures more details but increases file size

Question 21

What does bit depth refer to?

Answer 21

The number of discrete levels available for quantization.

Question 22

Why do digital files take up more space when the bit depth is increased?

Answer 22

More levels require more data storage.

Question 23

What happens if a sampling rate is too low?

Answer 23

The digital representation will miss details and may look or sound choppy.

Question 24

Q: What does increasing bit depth improve?

Answer 24

Precision and accuracy of the digital data.

Question 25

What are the two possible values of a bit?

Answer 25

0 and 1

Question 26

What is a bit?

Answer 26

the smallest unit of data in a computer

Question 27

How do bits relate to digital data?

Answer 27

Digital data is stored and represented using bits

Question 28

What does encoding mean?

Answer 28

Assigning meanings to specific combinations of bits to represent data.

Question 29

What does decoding mean?

Answer 29

Interpreting the encoded bits to understand the original message.

Question 30

What happens when you increase the number of bits used for encoding?

Answer 30

More bits allow for more possible values, meaning more data can be represented.

Question 31

How many bits are in a byte?

Answer 31

8

Question 32

What is the relationship between bits and storage size?

Answer 32

More bits require more storage space, but they also allow for higher detail and precision.

Question 33

How many values can 4 bits represent?

Answer 33

A: 16 values (2^4 = 16).

Question 34

What are some common prefixes used for measuring data storage?

Answer 34

Kilobyte (KB) Megabyte (MB), Gigabyte (GB) Terabyte (TB).

Question 35

What is the difference between base-10 (decimal) and base-2 (binary) number systems?

Answer 35

: Base-10 (decimal) uses 10 digits (0-9), while Base-2 (binary) uses only 2 digits (0 and 1).

Question 36

How do you convert a decimal number to binary?

Answer 36

Divide the decimal number by 2 repeatedly, keeping track of the remainders, then write the remainders in reverse order.

Question 37

Convert 13 (base-10) to binary.

Answer 37

1101 (base-2).

Question 38

Convert 1011 (binary) to decimal.

Answer 38

11 (base-10).

Question 39

How are numbers represented in a computer?

Answer 39

Numbers are stored using binary (base-2) notation.

Question 40

What is ASCII?

Answer 40

American Standard Code for Information Interchange, a system that uses 8-bit codes to represent text characters.

Question 41

How are images stored using bits?

Answer 41

Bitmap images store the color value of each pixel in bits.

Question 42

How is sound represented using bits?

Answer 42

Sampled audio stores sound amplitude at specific time intervals in bits.

Question 43

How do computers store music in MIDI format?

Answer 43

MIDI stores music by encoding instrument and note IDs into bits.

Question 44

Why do digital media files require large amounts of storage?

Answer 44

Because they contain a huge number of bits to represent detailed data.

Question 45

What are three strategies to reduce file size?

Answer 45

Reduce sampling rate Reduce bit depth Apply file compression

Question 46

What is file compression?

Answer 46

A technique to reduce file size by encoding data more efficiently.

Question 47

What are the two types of compression?

Answer 47

Lossy compression and lossless compression.

Question 48

What is lossy compression?

Answer 48

Compression that removes some data to reduce file size.

Question 49

What is lossless compression?

Answer 49

Compression that preserves all original data.

Question 50

Why does MP3 use lossy compression?

Answer 50

It removes inaudible sounds to save space while keeping the quality acceptable.

Question 51

What are the trade-offs of reducing file size?

Answer 51

Smaller file size = Faster processing and transfer. Too much compression = Loss of quality.