Chapter 1

Question 1

This chapter introduces fundamental concepts of research, including a comparison between

Answer 1

science and common sense, the scientific method, the characteristics of good research, and the research process.

Question 2

can be defined in various ways. Its definition may highlight the systematic and purposeful nature of research, emphasizing its role in problem-solving, knowledge expansion, and the discovery of truth.

Answer 2

Research

Question 3

Research is a purposive, systematic, and scientific process of gathering, classifying, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data for the solution of a problem, for prediction, for invention, for the discovery of truth, or for the expansion or verification of existing knowledge, all for the preservation of the quality of life.”

Answer 3

Aguinaldo (2002) and Calderon (1993): “

Question 4

Research is carried out for a specific purpose to answer specific questions to solve a particular problem or issue. It seeks new knowledge and provides useful information in the form of verifiable data. It contributes to the attainment of the development goals of a nation.”

Answer 4

Palispis (2001): “

Question 5

“Research is a discovery and exploration of the unknown. It involves an investigation of
facts leading to the discovery of new ideas and new methods. It proceeds from the known to the unknown.
The end result is the discovery of truth.”

Answer 5

Sanchez (2002):

Question 6

is the systematic study and investigation conducted to understand and improve agricultural practices. It involves exploring various aspects such as crop production, soil health, pest control, irrigation, and livestock management. The main goal is to develop new methods and technologies that can increase agricultural productivity, ensure food security, and promote sustainable farming practices.

Answer 6

Agricultural research

Question 7

Some key areas of agricultural research include:

Answer 7

Crop Science.
Soil Science.
Pest Management
Irrigation and Water Management.
Livestock Management.

Question 8

Studying different crop varieties, breeding new strains, and developing techniques to
enhance yield and resistance to diseases.

Answer 8

Crop Science.

Question 9

• Analyzing soil composition and fertility, and finding ways to improve soil health for better crop growth.

Answer 9

Soil Science.

Question 10

Investigating pest behaviors and developing effective control measures to protect crops from pests and diseases.

Answer 10

Pest Management.

Question 11

• Developing efficient irrigation systems and water management practices to optimize water usage in agriculture.

Answer 11

Irrigation and Water Management.

Question 12

• Developing efficient irrigation systems and water management practices to optimize water usage in agriculture.

Answer 12

Irrigation and Water Management.

Question 13

Researching animal health, nutrition, breeding, and welfare to improve livestock production and quality.

Answer 13

Livestock Management.

Question 14

is any
system of knowledge that is concerned with the physical world and its phenomena and that entails
unbiased observations and systematic experimentation (Britannica encyclopedia, 2022).

Answer 14

Science

Question 15

however becomes part of man’s unspoken and unwritten knowledge.

Answer 15

Common sense

Question 16

common sense plays a surprisingly significant role in science and research.
As:

Answer 16

1. Source of Hypotheses.
2. Guiding Research Directions.
3. Interpreting Results.
4. Communicating Findings.
5. Testing for Real-World Applicability.

Question 17

Common sense often stems from observations of the world around us. These
observations, though informal, can spark curiosity and lead to questions about how things work. These
questions can form the basis of scientific hypotheses. For example, the common sense observation that
“objects fall down” led to scientific inquiries into gravity.

Answer 17

Source of Hypotheses.

Question 18

Common sense can help researchers identify phenomena that are
worth investigating. For instance, the common sense understanding that certain plants have medicinal
properties has guided ethnobotanical research for centuries.

Answer 18

Guiding Research Directions.

Question 19

While science aims for objectivity, researchers are still human and their
interpretations can be influenced by their common sense understanding of the world.

Answer 19

Interpreting Results.

Question 20

. Scientists need to communicate their findings to a wider audience,
including people who may not have a scientific background.

Answer 20

Communicating Findings

Question 21

Ultimately, scientific findings should have some relevance to
the real world. Common sense can be a valuable tool for assessing whether scientific theories and findings
are consistent with our everyday experiences and whether they have practical applications.

Answer 21

Testing for Real-World Applicability.

Question 22

is not always reliable. It can be based on incomplete information, biases,
and cultural norms.

Answer 22

Common sense

Question 23

Many scientific discoveries have contradicted
common sense beliefs. For example, it might seem like the Earth is stationary, but science
has shown that it is moving.

Answer 23

Science often challenges common sense.

Question 24

Common sense and science are not mutually exclusive. They
can inform and complement each other in the pursuit of knowledge

Answer 24

The relationship is complex.

Question 25

Characteristics of a Good Research (Henson and Soriano ,1999)

Answer 25

1. It is systematic. 2. It is controlled. 3. It is empirical 4. Research is an inquiry 5. It is about solving problems. 6. It is about adherence to a method. 7. It concentrates on a specific subject/topic.

Question 26

In research, there is a need to conduct the investigation in a step-by-step procedure. The procedure to be followed must be orderly, disciplined, and or organized.

Answer 26

It is systematic.

Question 27

. Observations must be controlled and not haphazardly done by making sure the research instruments are carefully prepared and its validity and reliability properly established

Answer 27

It is controlled

Question 28

There is a need to gather factual data which can be scrutinized and tested. It relies on empirical data which can be.

Answer 28

It is empirical.

Question 29

It is a process that investigates or searches for problems, possible solutions, theories, and relevant studies to come up with reliable knowledge.

Answer 29

Research is an inquiry.

Question 30

The essence of research is to find answers to problems raised. Humankind is beset with varied problems and situations that need improvement.

Answer 30

It is about solving problems.

Question 31

Research is not just about gathering data for the sake of accumulating data. More than that, it is concerned with the “how”, the right manner by which findings are arrived at through proper methodology and procedure.

Answer 31

It is about adherence to a method.

Question 32

. Life abounds with complex and broad problems and issues that it will be impossible to tackle all of them on at a time.

Answer 32

It concentrates on a specific subject/topic.

Question 33

is a systematic and structured way of investigating a question or problem to discover new knowledge or validate existing knowledge.

Answer 33

The research process

Question 34

Steps in the research process

Answer 34

1. Identify the problem. 2. Review existing research. 3. Develop a research design. 4. Collect data. 5. Analyze the data. 6. Draw Conclusion. 7. Report your findings.

Question 35

Define the research question or problem you want to answer

Answer 35

Identify the problem.

Question 36

. Find out what has already been done on your topic

Answer 36

Review existing research

Question 37

Create a plan for how you will answer your question

Answer 37

Develop a research design.

Question 38

Gather information and samples using the methods you chose in your research design

Answer 38

Collect data.

Question 39

Use statistical or qualitative methods to interpret the data

Answer 39

Analyze the data.

Question 40

Use your analysis to answer your research question

Answer 40

Draw Conclusion.

Question 41

Present your research and conclusions to others through publications in journals or unpublish thesis.

Answer 41

Report your findings.

Question 42

Important Considerations:

Answer 42

• Ethical considerations • Time and resources: • Flexibility

Question 43

Research involving humans or animals must be conducted ethically, with careful consideration for the rights and well-being of participants.

Answer 43

Ethical considerations:

Question 44

Research involving humans or animals must be conducted ethically, with careful consideration for the rights and well-being of participants.

Answer 44

Ethical considerations:

Question 45

Research can be time-consuming and expensive. It's important to plan your research carefully and ensure that you have the resources you need to complete it.

Answer 45

Time and resources:

Question 46

: The research process is not always linear. You may need to revisit earlier steps as you learn more and your research evolves.

Answer 46

Flexibility