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Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 organic compounds?

A

Lipids, Carbs, Proteins, Nucleic acids

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2
Q

What are Lipids?

A

Fatty acids

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3
Q

What are Carbs?

A

Monosaccharides ( one sugar)

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4
Q

What are proteins?

A

Amino acids

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5
Q

What are Nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

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6
Q

What is the job for DNA?

A

DNA provides instructions for making proteins

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7
Q

2-8-8 rule

A

2 electrons in first shell, 8 electrons in second and third shell

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8
Q

What does the row correlate to?

A

Correlates to shell #

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9
Q

What does the column number show?

A

Shoes how many electrons in outer shell

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10
Q

Valence refers to what?

A

Outermost shell

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11
Q

Valence # =?

A

= Row #

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12
Q

Valence electrons

A

Number of electrons in Outer shell

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13
Q

Do Noble gases naturally have a full shell?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Are noble gases good at sharing?

A

No ( have a full shell naturally)

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15
Q

Ion

A

Element that changed the number of electrons

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16
Q

Cation

A

Positively charged ion

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17
Q

Anion

A

Negatively charged ion

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18
Q

Anatomy

A

Where everything is

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19
Q

Physiology

A

How things work

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20
Q

Inspection

A

Eyes

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21
Q

Palpatation

A

Fingertips

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22
Q

Auscultation

A

Ears/ hear

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23
Q

Percussion

A

Feel/ tap

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24
Q

Gross anatomy

A

Large enough to touch and see

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25
Q

Histology

A

To small to touch and see

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26
Q

Hippocrates

A

Father of Modern Medicine

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27
Q

Galen

A

Physician for the Gladiators

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28
Q

Vesalius

A

First Modern Anatomy Professor

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29
Q

Von Leevwenhoek

A

Invented microscope

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30
Q

Darwin

A

Deacon of church,
Father of Evolution

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31
Q

Natural Selection

A

Several generations

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32
Q

Adaptation

A

One event, by chance

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33
Q

Evolution

A

Thousands of years

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34
Q

Opposition

A

Opposable thumbs

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35
Q

Stereoscopic Vision

A

Eyes move to the front, work together

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36
Q

Bipedalism

A

Walk on two feet

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37
Q

Metabolism

A

Chemical reactions in an organism

38
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining internal conditions

39
Q

Transverse section

A

Horizontal section

40
Q

Coronal section

A

Front section

41
Q

Ionic Bond

A

Transfer of electrons

42
Q

Covalent Bond

A

Sharing valence she’ll

43
Q

Non polar bond

A

No charge difference

44
Q

Polar bond

A

Charge difference

45
Q

Water characteristics

A

Adhesive
Cohesive
Good solvent ( dissolve)
Chemically reactive
Thermally stable

46
Q

Solvent

A

Liquid trying to dissolve something in

47
Q

Solute

A

Thing being dissolved

48
Q

Ph scale: More than 7

A

Base or Alkaline

49
Q

Ph Concentration: less than 7

50
Q

Monomers

A

Building blocks

51
Q

Dehydration Synthesis

A

Take away water/ make something

52
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Add water to break something

53
Q

What elements make up ALL organic compounds?

A

Hydrogen
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen

54
Q

What are the functional groups?

A

Hydroxyl
Methyl
Carboxyll
Amino
Phosphate

55
Q

What are the 5 Monomers/ Monosaccharides?

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Ribose
Deoxyribose

56
Q

What are the two types of Polysaccharides?

A

Glycogen: animal cells
Starch: plant cell

57
Q

What are Triglycerides?

A

Type of Lipid
1 glycerol, 3 fatty acids
Made from Dehydration synthesis and broke down from hydrolysis

58
Q

Phospholipid

A

1 glycerol
2 fatty acids
1 phosphate

59
Q

What is Glycerol

A

Key component in triglycerides and phospholipids, important in biological membranes and energy storage

60
Q

What are Monomers for the 4 organic compounds:

A

Fatty acids
Monosaccharide
Amino acids
Nucleotides

61
Q

What are the monomers in proteins?

A

Amino acids

62
Q

What are the monomers in proteins?

A

Amino acids

63
Q

What is a peptide bond?

A

Bond that holds 2 amino acids together

64
Q

What are the Levels of structure in Amino acids?

A
  1. Primary structure: sequence of amino acids
  2. Secondary structure: Alpha helix or beta sheet formed by hydrogen bonding
  3. Tertiary structure: caused by R group interactions
  4. Quaternary Structure: protein SO complex it ends up somewhere else
65
Q

5 characteristics of Enzymes ( proteins)

A
  1. Proteins
  2. Highly specific
  3. Not consumed ( do same reaction over again)
  4. Lower activation energy
  5. Binding/ active site
66
Q

What are enzymes

A

Biologic catalyst ( make reaction occur faster)

67
Q

What are enzymes

A

Biologic catalyst ( make reaction occur faster)

68
Q

What is an Isotope?

A

Element that changes # of neutrons

69
Q

Electrolyte

A

Ion important in living solutions

70
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Substances that like Water

71
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Substances that do not like water

72
Q

What is Cell Theory

A

If it’s alive, it’s made of at least one cell

73
Q

What are the five organelles:

A
  1. Nucleus
  2. Ribosome
  3. Mitochondria
  4. Plasma Membrane
  5. Cytoplasm
74
Q

What does the Nucleus do?

A

Home for DNA

75
Q

What does the Ribosome do?

A

Protein synthesis ( makes proteins)

76
Q

What does Mitochondria do?

A

Powerhouse of cell,
ATP synthesis
Energy

77
Q

What does plasma membrane do?

A

Skin of cell

78
Q

What does the Cytoplasm do?

A

Watery juice of cell

79
Q

What are the 3 cell appendages:

A
  1. Microvilli- increase surface area of cell membrane
  2. Flagella- give cell ability to move on its own
  3. Cilia- moves things away from cell in one direction
80
Q

What are the 5 types of Membrane transport?

A
  1. Filtration- movement of Fluid
  2. Simple diffusion: solute moving from higher to lower concentration
  3. Osmosis- water moving from higher to lower concentration
  4. Facilitated diffusion: special doors for glucose to go through
  5. Active transport: using ATP to get substance through membrane
81
Q

Hypertonic

A

Higher concentration solute

82
Q

Hypotonic

A

Lower concentration solute

83
Q

Isotonic

A

Equal concentration solute

84
Q

Substrate:

A

Reactants in Enzymatic reactions that drive biological functions

85
Q

What is the most important protein:

A

Sodium potassium pump
Resting membrane potential

86
Q

What are Nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides: DNA & RNA

87
Q

What are the three components of Nucleotides:

A
  1. Pentose Sugar ( RNA & DNA)
  2. Nitrogenous Base- PH more than 7 & has nitrogen
  3. Phosphate
88
Q

Components of DNA

A

Large, double stranded, lives in nucleus, deoxyribose, C, G, A, T

89
Q

Components of RNA

A

Small, single stranded, lives in nucleus/ cytoplasm, Ribose, C, G, A, U

90
Q

What is the process of transcription?

A

Replication: Process of using DNA to make more DNA ( mitosis/ meiosis)
Transcription/ translation: use DNA to make mRNA, then to make protein, protein synthesis

91
Q

Process of replication:

A

Double stranded dna molecule copied to make another dna molecule
Process to prepare for cell division
Location is in the nucleus

92
Q

Process of Replication Steps:

A& P (12 decks)

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