Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are the two main definitions of health psychology?
- The study of how psychological influences contribute to health, illness, and reaction to illness.
- Scientific, educational, and professional contributions of psychological theory, practice, and research to health-related issues.
According to the World Health Organization, how is health defined?
A complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease.
What is wellness?
The optimal state of being, where all types of health are being taken care of.
List the four main areas that health psychologists focus on.
- Health promotion and maintenance
- Prevention and treatment of illness and disease
- The etiology and correlates of health, illness, and dysfunction
- Analysis and improvement of the health care system and health policy
What is etiology in the context of health psychology?
Origins or causes of illness.
What does the mind-body relationship refer to?
The philosophical position regarding whether the mind and body operate indistinguishably as a single system or as two separate systems.
What was the early medical treatment process called that aimed to release evil spirits from the body?
Trephination.
Who developed the humoral theory of illness?
Hippocrates and Galen.
What are the four humours according to the humoral theory?
- Blood (“Sanguine”)
- Black bile (“Melancholic”)
- Yellow bile (“Choleric”)
- Phlegm (“Phlegmatic”)
What was the primary belief about disease during the Middle Ages?
Disease was thought to be caused by supernatural forces or as God’s punishment for wrongdoing.
What significant change occurred in the Renaissance regarding health?
A shift towards understanding health through scientific methods and cellular pathology.
What is the Biomedical Model?
The viewpoint that illness can be explained on the basis of aberrant somatic processes, with psychological and social processes largely independent.
What is conversion hysteria according to Sigmund Freud?
The idea that unconscious conflicts can manifest as physical symptoms.
Define psychosomatic medicine.
A field developed in the 1900s to study and treat diseases believed to be caused by emotional conflicts.
What is behavioral medicine?
An interdisciplinary field integrating behavioral science and biomedical science to understand physical health and develop interventions.
What does the biopsychosocial model emphasize?
That biological, psychological, and social factors all interact to influence health and illness.
What does systems theory suggest in the context of health?
That all levels of an organization are linked, and changes in one level can affect others.
What has changed in illness patterns in Canada over the past 100 years?
A shift from acute disorders as primary causes of illness to chronic diseases.
What are the definitions of morbidity, incidence, and prevalence?
- Morbidity: the number of cases of a disease at a particular time.
- Incidence: the number of new cases of a disease.
- Prevalence: the total number of cases of a disease.
True or False: The biomedical model emphasizes both health and illness equally.
False.
What is the significance of the biopsychosocial model in health psychology?
It incorporates multiple causal factors for health and illness, recognizing the inseparability of mind and body.
What role do health psychologists play concerning chronic diseases?
They help individuals identify personal risk factors and make positive lifestyle changes.
What are the implications of adopting the biopsychosocial model for diagnosis and treatment?
- Diagnosis must consider biological, psychological, and social factors.
- Treatment recommendations must also consider these factors.
- Establishing effective patient-practitioner relationships is critical.
Fill in the blank: The term __________ refers to how many people have died as a result of a particular illness or disease.
Mortality.
