Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSYCH 101 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

SQ3R method and its five steps

A

Provides a systematic approach to studying the text and helps maxine learning
survey, question, read, recite, review

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

four goals of psychology

A

description, explanation, prediction, influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Description

A

identifying and classifying behaviors and mental processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explanation

A

proposing reasons for behaviors and mental processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Prediction

A

offering hypotheses about how a condition or set of conditions will affect behavior and mental processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Influence

A

using research results to solve practical problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Basic research

A

research that seeks new knowledge to advance general scientific understanding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Applied research

A

research conducted to solve practical problems and improve the quality of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Wilhelmina Wundt

A

1832-1920
the “father” of psychology
used introspection to analyze basic elements of conscious mental experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Edward Bradford Titchner

A

1867-1927
wundt’s student
established a psychological laboratory in the USA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Structuralism

A

wundt and titchener’s school of thought
criticized because of its methods
structuralists established psychology as a science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Functionalism

A

focused on how humans and animals use mental processes in adapting to their environments
broadened the scope of psychology to include behavior as well as mental processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

William James

A

1842-1920
functionalism’s most famous proponent
believed that the stream of consciousness functions to help humans adapt to their enviornment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Christine Ladd-Franklin

A

overcome discrimination
completed PhD i the mid 1880’s at John Hopkins
did not receive her degree until 1926
formulated a well-regarded theory of color vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mary Whiton Calkins

A

completed the requirements for a doctorate at Harvard
Harvard refused to grant the degree to a woman/
established a psychology laboratory at Wellesley College
Developed the paired associator test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A

received PhD from Cornell University
wrote influential books including “The animal Mind” and “movement and Mental imagery”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Francis Cecil Summer

A

First African American to earn a PhD in psychology in 1920
Chaired psychology department at Howard University

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Albert Sidney Beckham

A

established first psychological laboratory at a black institution of higher learning( Howard University)
conducted important studies on intelligence and how it related to occupational fields

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Kenneth Clark

A

received national recognition for writing on the harmful effects of racial segregation
his writings affected supreme court ruling declaring national segregation unconstitutional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Jorge Sanchez

A

a hispanic american psychologist
studied bias in intelligence testing during the 1930s
pointed out that cultural and language differences work against hispanic students when they take IQ tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Seven Major Schools if thought in Psychology today

A

Behavioriorism
Psychoanalytic psychology
Humanistic psychology
Cognitive psychology
Evolutionary psychology
biological psychology
sociocultural approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how do behaviorists explain behavior and mental processes

A

behaviorists view observable measurable behavior as the only appropriate subject matter for psychology
Also emphasizes the environment as the key determinant of behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Humanistic Psychology

A

Maslow and Roger’s
Focuses on the uniqueness of human beings and their capacity for choice growth,and psychological health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Abraham Maslow theory of motivation

A

the need for self actualization is the highest need in the hierarchy of needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Client centered therapy
Carl Rogers an approach in which the client directs a discussion on his or her own view of the problem
26
Cognitive Psychology
focuses on the mental processes such as memory, problem solving, decision making, perception, and language
27
Information processing theory
an approach within cognitive psychology that uses the computer as a model for human thinking
28
Evolutionary psychology
focuses on how humans behaviors necessary for survival have adapted in the face of environmental pressures over the course of evolution
29
biological psychologists
looks for connections between specific behaviors such as aggression and specific biological factors such as hormones to help explain individual differences
30
sociocultural approach
focuses on how factors such as cultural values affect behavior proponents of this approach believe that these factors are as important as evolutionary and physiological factors in affecting behavior and mental processes
31
psychological perspectives
general points of view used for explaining people’s behavior and thinking
32
eclectic position
using combination of approaches to explain a particular behavior
33
Descriptive Research methods(5)
naturalistic observation laboratory observation case study survey research correlational method
34
Naturalistic observation
observation of behavior in its natural settings, without attempting to influence it
35
Laboratory observation
studying behavior in a laboratory setting allows more control and more precise measurements of responses
36
case study
studying a single individual or small number of personas in depth
37
Survey research
uses interviews and or questionnaires to gather information about the attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors of a group of people instead of studying the whole population, researchers survey a sample of
38
representative sample
used in survey research a sample that mirrors the population of interest
39
Correlation method
used to establish the degree of a relationship between two characteristics, events or behaviors such
40
Experimental method
the only research method that can identify cause-effect relationships
41
independent variable
a factor or condition that is deliberately manipulated to determine whether it causes any change in another behavior or condition
42
dependent variable
a factor or condition that is measured at the end of an experiment
43
experimental group
the group that is exposed to the independent variable
44
control group
a group that is exposed to the same experimental exviornment but is not given the treatment
45
onfounding variables
factors other than the independent variable that can affect the results
46
placebo effect
response to a treatment caused by a person’s expectations, not the treatment itself
47
experimenter bias
occurs when the researcher’s expectations influence the experiment’s results
48
double-blind technique
used to control bias factors neither the experimenter nor the participants know who is in the experimental and control groups
49
seven ethical rules that researchers must follow when humans are involved in studies
legality institutinal approval informed consent deception clients, patients, students, and subordinates payment for participation publication
50
Legality
research must conform to applicable laws
51
institutional approval
must be approved by all institutions involved in a study
52
informed consent
participants must be informed of the purpose of a study and any potential harm
53
deception
only used when necessary of deceived, participants must be debriefed
54
clients,patients,students,and subordinates
must not be negatively affected by participating
55
payment for participation
is ethical but participants must be fully informed about what is expected
56
Publication
researchers must report finding in an appropriate forum, and make their data avaliable to others for verification
57
why are animals used in research?
animals provide a simpler model for studying similar processes in humans researchers can exercise more control over animals and use a wider range of medical and other manipulations
58
who are some of the specialists working within psychology (8)
clinical psychologists counseling psychologists physiological or biological psychologists experimental psychologists developmental psychologists educational psychologists social psychologists industrial/organizational psychologists
59
Clinical psychologists
specialized in the diagnosis and treement of mental and behavioral disorders, such as anxiety, phobias, and schizophrenia
60
Counseling Psychologists
help people who have adjustment problems(marital, social or behavioral) that are generally less severe
61
Psyiological, or biological [sychologists
study the relationship between physiological processes and behavior
62
physiological, or biological psychologists experimental psychologists
study the relationship between physiological processes and behavior
63
experimental psychologists
conduct experiments in most areas of psychology, including learning, memory and perception
64
developmental psychologists
study how people grow, develop, and change throughput the lifespan
65
educational psychologists
specialize in the study of teaching and learning
66
social psychologists
investing how individuals feel, think, and behave in social settings
67
industrial/organizational psychologists
study the relationship between people and their work environments

PSYCH 101 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions