chapter 1 Flashcards
anatomy and physiology
functions of the skeleton
Enables movement
blood production
protection of vital organs
provides shape and support
how many bones do we have
206 bones
Shapes and support:
Forms the frame to which our muscles can attach and our organs can sit on
enables us to move
creation movements at the joints so when muscles contract they pull on the bone
protection of vital organs
protected by the skeleton
Blood production
Centre of large bones they contain bone marrow which produces red blood cells
What are all the bones bones
Cranium – Flat bone
clavicle – long bone
scapula – Flat bone
humerus long bone
ribs flat bone
humerus long bone
Vertebrae – irregular bone
radius – thumb long bone
ulna - long
pelvis - flat
femur - long
patella - short
tibia - long (larger)
tibia long
Are the feet t bones
talas - short
tarsals - short
metatarsals - long
phalange - long
hand bones
carpals - short
metacarpals - long
phalanges - long
Function of long bones
Actors levers to produce large range of movement
Function of short bones
Bones that enable movement and produce support
Irregular bones function
Protection and support and their suits their specifically role
Muscles
And a superstitious that has ability to contract producing movement in the body
Muscles muscle types
back and neck trapezius
Deltoids are the shoulders
The pectorals the chest
Biceps upper arm
triceps upper arm
latissimus Dorsi - back
abdominals - abdomen
hip flexors - front of hip
gluteals - bottom
quadriceps - upper leg front
hamstrings - upper leg back
Gastrocnemius- lower leg back
tibialis anterior - sides of the lower leg
trapezius
And rotate the shoulders with the head back and sideways example a swimmer turning their head to breathe ☺️🐳
deltoids
Raises the arm forwards backwards and sideways example overhead clear in badminton
pectorals
Move the arms in the words of the shoulder adduction example discussed through through
biceps
Bend Oregon creating flexion of the example join back about
triceps
Straightens the arm at the elbow extension example releasing a javelin or ball when throwing
latissimus dorsi
Pause the arms down at the shoulder and draws it behind the back example front crawl
abdominals
Creates a pool on the spine flexion creates a pole in the abdomen example a pike position in diving
hip flexors
Are you sing to me or moving the leg forward at the hip flexion example striking a football
gluteals
Post to look back at the hip extension racist like to the side abduction long jump take off
hamstrings
bends the leg at the knee ex running stride
gastrocnemius
Straight into the ankle joint plantarflexion example pointing your feet in gymnastics
tibias anterior
Pause the toes upwards towards the shin Dorsey flexion to kick in football
muscle fibres
This cells are a basic building blocks of the muscle electrical impulses from the brain causes it to contract in enabling movement
fast twitch fibres
Larger size faster speed how do you force and low fatigue tolerance
slow twitch fibres
Smaller their slower speed they produce less force and have a higher fatigue tolerance
aerobic respiration
This oxygen to produce energy allows athletes to work at low to moderate intensity and for long periods of time
anaerobic exercise
Short period of high intensity activities energy is provided rapidly and at least fatigue quickly and lactic acid is produced
ex of anaerobic training
Strength and power based training such as weightlifting or high intensity interval training
ex of aerobic training
Examples of aerobic training methods are continuous trainings such as running for 1 km
antagonistic muscle action
Muscles are only able to pull on bones so can only create movement in One Direction therefore muscles come in pairs to enable movement into two directions example quadriceps and hamstrings
agonist
the primer mover contracts to create movement
antagonist
antagonist relaxes as the agnist muscle contracts to allow movement
example what is the agonist and antagonist in the upward phase of a bicep curl
the biceps Is it is the agonist it contract creating flexion of the elbow the tricep relaxes allowing movement to occur so it is the antagonist
antagonistic pair
Agonist and antagonist combined are known as a pair one contracts as the other relaxes
isometric
Produces a force but stays the same length
isotonic
Can change length as the contract
eccentric isotonic
So lengthens wallet contracts lengthens
concentric isotonic
Muscle shortens wallet contracts
flexion
In a body part the angle of the joint decreases example performing a bicep curl curl curl
extension
Straightening a body parts the angle and the joint increases example blocking a spike in the volleyball elbow
adduction
Sideways movement towards the centre of the body example breaststroke and swimming
abduction
side ways movement away from the centre of the body example butterfly stroke shoulder
rotation
Turning point around any an imaginary line in axis example of turning the head to breathe
circumduction
End of the bone moves in a circle example front crawl in swimming
dorsiflexion
Movement that causes the toes to move upwards towards the leg example a sprinter inbox
plantar flexion
Movement that causes the toe to move downwards towards the floor pointing your feet in gym mastics gymnastics are y
