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Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Lotic Systems

A

Streams and Rivers

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2
Q

Where does the Lotic System get its Energy?

A

Detritus from the Forest

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3
Q

What is the Lentic System?

A

Ponds and Lakes

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4
Q

Where does the Lentic System get its Energy? (2)

A

Sun and Phytoplankton

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5
Q

What are the 5 Levels of the Lentic System?

A

Littoral, Limnetic, Compensation, Profundal and Benthic

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6
Q

Describe the Littoral Zone (2)

A

Shallow Water, Light reaches the bottom stimulating plant growth

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7
Q

Describe the Limnetic Zone (2)

A

Open Water, Sunlight still can be seen

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8
Q

Describe the Compensation Level?

A

Gross Production in Photosynthesis is equal to respiration

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9
Q

Describe the Profundal Level? In terms of Light

A

Some Light not much

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10
Q

Describe the Benthic Level?

A

The bottom region, place of decomposition

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11
Q

Solar Energy is stored during Photosynthesis as?

A

GPP (Gross Primary Production)

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12
Q

Energy stored as Biomass is called?

A

NPP (Net Primary Production)

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13
Q

Energy used for cellular work in plants is used for?

A

(R) Respiration

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14
Q

(Net Primary Production) NPP=?

A

GPP-R (Gross Primary Production- Respiration)

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15
Q

Is Littoral water shallow or deep?

A

Shallow

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16
Q

What types of plants are found in the Littoral Zone?

A

Rooted Plants

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17
Q

The fish who live in the Littoral Zone have?

A

Compressed Bodies

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18
Q

Some of the Invertebrates who live in the Littoral Zone have?

A

Feathery Gills

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19
Q

Does the Littoral Zone contribute largely to the input of Organic Matter into the system?

A

True

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20
Q

The Limnetic System is described as? and goes down to which level?

A

Open Water down to the Compensation Level

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21
Q

The Limnetic Zone has High or Low Dissolved Oxygen (D.O).

A

High

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22
Q

What are animals that Drift in the Limnetic Zone?

A

Plankton

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23
Q

What are animals that can swim in the Limnetic Zone?

A

Fish or Whales

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24
Q

What color has the Highest Intensity at the surface of the Limnetic zone?

A

Blue

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25
Q

Can Photosynthesis occur below the Compensation Level?

A

No

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26
Q

What color is lost first when diving deep in the water?

A

Red

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27
Q

Do different wavelengths of Light get absorbed at various levels in the water?

A

True

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28
Q

Why is there a limited amount of Oxygen at the Profundal Level?

A

Decomposers cause Low Oxygen Levels

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29
Q

Benthic Zone includes what 2 other Levels?

A

Littoral and Profundal

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30
Q

What is the food source for Decomposers at the Benthic Zone, since no photosynthesis doesn’t occurs here?

A

Marine Snow

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31
Q

What type of life does the Littoral Level have? Diverse or Simple?

A

Diverse

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32
Q

What type of life does the Profundal Level have? Simple or Diverse?

A

Simple

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33
Q

The Benthic Zone has Low or High Oxygen Levels?

A

Low

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34
Q

What level is made mainly of accumulated dead and organic matter?

A

Benthic Zone

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35
Q

What are three levels of a Lake?

A

Epilimnion, Metalimnion and Hypolimnion

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36
Q

What layer of the lake has the warmest water?

A

Epilimnion

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37
Q

What layer of the lake is the Thermocline? and happens to the water temperature here?

A

Metalimnion, rapid change in water temperature

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38
Q

Which layer of the lake has the Coldest water temperature?

A

Hypolimnion

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39
Q

In the Hypolimnion, why are Nutrients not available to organisms in the Epilimnion?

A

Nutrients stay at the Bottom

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40
Q

In the Winter, the ice over a lake provides?

A

Insulation

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41
Q

What happens during the Fall Turnover?

A

Mixing of the water occurs, and Nutrients are brought up to the surface

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42
Q

What happens during the Spring Turnover?

A

Mixing of the water occurs, and Nutrients are brought up to the surface (Mostly in the Spring)

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43
Q

Do turnovers happen in the tropics?

A

No

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44
Q

Why does water appear more green in the Spring?

A

Due to the Spring Overturn and causing the growth of photosynthetic organisms

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45
Q

Why does Phytoplankton bloom in the Spring?

A

Increase in Nutrients and Sunlight

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46
Q

Why does Phytoplankton Not bloom in the Fall?

A

Decrease in Nutrients and Sunlight

47
Q

Can Phytoplankton kill fish?

48
Q

How does Phytoplankton kill fish? When does this occur?

A

Removing Oxygen from the water at night

49
Q

The removal of Oxygen from water caused by Phytoplankton is called?

50
Q

What do Phytoplankton also cause besides killing fish?

A

Block Sunlight from reaching the bottom of water, limiting Aquatic Vegetation

51
Q

Phytoplankton are?

A

Photosynthesizes

52
Q

Phytoplankton causes harmful __________?

A

Algal Blooms

53
Q

Why does Phytoplankton remove Oxygen at Night?

A

Because it is not Photosynthesizing and using Oxygen from the water

54
Q

Harmful Algal Bloom most occur in what types of water?

A

Still Water, such as Lakes or Ponds

55
Q

What does the Algal Bloom from Phytoplankton release?

56
Q

The Algal Blooms Toxins are harmful to both? and how are they toxic?

A

People and Animals if Inhaled or Ingested

57
Q

Why is Oxygen Higher at the top of a Lake?

A

Because of Sunlight and Photosynthesis

58
Q

Who causes Low Oxygen at the Bottom of a Lake?

A

Oxygen is Low because of Decomposers

59
Q

Uniform Temperature and Oxygen occurs during?

A

Spring and Fall Overturn

60
Q

What season is Dissolved Oxygen Higher?

A

Mid-Summer

61
Q

During the Fall Turnover the Oxygen is moved to the?

62
Q

During the Winter and an Ice sheet forms, what occurs at the bottom of a lake?

A

Oxygen drops because decomposers are using the Oxygen at the bottom

63
Q

How to fish deal with the low Oxygen levels in the Winter?

A

By going into a state call Toper

64
Q

When the temperature of water increases, what happens to the Oxygen Levels?

65
Q

In a fast-moving Lotic System, what type of bodies do fish have?

A

Torpedo Shaped

66
Q

Insects in Fast Water Lotic Systems are shaped as?

A

Flattened, Broad bodies

67
Q

How do plants survive in Fast Moving Lotic Systems?

A

By Clinging onto rocks

68
Q

In Slow Moving Lotic Systems fish have what type of bodies?

A

Compressed bodies

69
Q

When there is CPOM there is lots of?

70
Q

When there is FPOM there is less?

71
Q

When there is a change in Energy source in the River Continuum there is a change in? (2)

A

Fish Species and Macroinvertebrates

72
Q

Headwater form the 1st to the 3rd order have?

A

Have cold water with Higher D.O Levels

73
Q

Headwater form the 1st to the 3rd order streams. What is Low and what organisms are dominant

A

Primarily, productivity is Low and Shedders and Collectors are Dominant

74
Q

What do Collectors collect?

75
Q

What do Shedders colect?

76
Q

In the Headwaters from the 1st to 3rd order, grazers are?

77
Q

What fish are found in the Headwaters 1st to 3rd order? (3)

A

Trout, Darter and Sculpins

78
Q

In the 3rd Head waters, the respiration and Gross Production is more or less than in Header waters 1?

79
Q

Medium Sized creeks and rivers are in what order of streams?

A

4th and 6th Order

80
Q

In 4th and 6th order streams, what input decreases?
(2)

A

Riparian and Detrital Input

82
Q

In 4th and 6th Order streams, does the water temperature increase or decrease?

83
Q

Does the current slow or speed up in the 4th and 6th order streams?

84
Q

In 4th and 6th order streams the primary production of algae and rooted aquatic plants increase or decrease?

85
Q

Is the GPP in 4th and 6th order streams less or greater than the respiration rate?

86
Q

Are there more Collectors or Shedders in 4th and 6th order streams?

A

Collectors and Shedders Disappear

87
Q

Is there a lack of CPOM in 4th and 6th order streams?

88
Q

What are the dominant consumers of the 4th and 6th order streams? (2)

A

Collectors and Grazers

89
Q

Predators shift to cold or warm water species in the 4th and 6th order streams?

A

Warm-Water Species

90
Q

In 6th and 10th order streams the channels are narrower and shallower or wider and deeper?

A

Wider and Deeper

91
Q

What happens to the temperatures and D.O in 6th and 10th-order streams? Increase or Decrease?

A

Temperature Increases and D.O Decreases

92
Q

What happens to the flow volume in 6th and 10th order streams? Increase or Decrease?

93
Q

Does the current becomes faster or slower in 6th and 10th order streams?

94
Q

Where are Sediments deposited in 6th and 10th order streams?

A

At the Bottom

95
Q

Does Riparian and autotrophic production increase or decrease in 6th and 10th-order streams?

96
Q

What is the main energy source in 6th and 10th order streams?

97
Q

What are the Dominant Comsumers in the 6th and 10th-order streams?

A

Collectors

98
Q

Is the water in 6th and 10th order streams fast, slow, shallow, or deep? (2)

A

Slow and Deep

99
Q

What is supporting the minimal phytoplankton and zooplankton?

100
Q

Riffles have a High or Low Velocity Rate?

101
Q

Riffles have a High Or Low D.O rate?

102
Q

Are the rocks in a Riffles Clean?

103
Q

Are Insects and Fish found in Riffles?

104
Q

Is the Velocity in Pools High or Low?

105
Q

Is the D.O in Pools High or Low

106
Q

Are the rocks clean in Pools?

107
Q

Are there Insects are Fish in Pools?

108
Q

What shape are the Fish in Pools?

A

Flat Shaped

109
Q

What Shape are the Fish in Riffles?

A

Torpedo Shaped

110
Q

Where are runs and riffles found?

A

Between and Riffles and Pools

111
Q

In Runs the Water is moving but not?

A

Rippling over Rocks

112
Q

What is an Estuarie?

A

River and Streams that drain into the sea

113
Q

Where do young species in freshwater species spawn?

A

In Estuaries

114
Q

Are most species in Estuaries Benthic?

Ecology (3 decks)

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