Chapter 1

Question 1

How do we define psychology?

Answer 1

The science of behavior and mental process

Question 2

What is the subject matter of psychology?

Question 3

Examples of mental processes:

Question 4

Critical thinking

Question 5

Aristotle

Answer 5

greek naturalist

Question 6

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 6

anted to measure “atoms of the mind”—the fastest and simplest mental processes.

Question 7

Structuralism

Question 8

functionalism

Question 9

Edward Bradford Titchener (1867–1927)

Answer 9

Titchener used
introspection to search for the mind’s structural elements.
aimed to classify and understand elements of the mind’s structure (structuralism)

Question 10

Introspection

Question 11

William James

Question 12

Functionalism

Question 13

Charles Darwin

Question 14

Mary Whiton Calkins

Question 15

Margaret Floy Washburn

Question 16

What event defined the Start of scientific psychology?

Question 17

Why did introspection fail as a method for understanding how the mind works?

Question 18

Behaviorism

Question 19

John B. Watson

Question 20

B. F. Skinner

Question 21

Psychoanalytic

Question 22

Sigmund Freud

Question 23

Humanistic psychology

Question 24

Cognitive psychology

Question 25

cognitive neuroscience

Question 26

Nature-nurture

Question 27

Natural Selection

Answer 27

nature selects traits that best enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a specific environment.

Question 28

evolutionary psychology

Question 29

Behavior genetics

Question 30

What is contemporary psychology’s position on the nature–nurture issue?

Question 31

culture

Answer 31

shared ideas and behaviors that one generation passes on to the next

Question 32

biopsychosocial approach

Question 33

applied research

Question 34

industrial-organization psychologists

Answer 34

use psychology’s concepts and methods in the workplace to help organizations and companies select and train employees, boost morale and productivity, design products, and implement systems.

Question 35

hindsight bias